________ is oogamous and accompanied by complex post fertilization developments.
New cards
2
Asexual reproduction
________ is by the production of different types of spores, the most common being the zoospores.
New cards
3
female sex organ
The ________ in a flower is the pistil which consists of a swollen ovary at its base, a long slender style and stigma.
New cards
4
male sex organ
The ________ in a flower is the stamen.
New cards
5
pollen grains
The ________ and ovules are developed in specialized structures called flowers and the seeds are enclosed in fruits.
New cards
6
plant body
The ________ is usually attached to the substratum by a holdfast, and has a stalk, the stipe and leaf like photosynthetic organ, the frond.
New cards
7
multicellular body
They produce a(n) ________ called a sporophyte.
New cards
8
Pollen grain
________, after dispersal from the anthers, are carried by wind or various other agencies to the stigma of a pistil.
New cards
9
fertilization
Following ________, zygote develops into an embryo and the ovules into seeds which are not covered.
New cards
10
complex carbohydrates
Food is stored as ________, which may be in the form of laminarin or mannitol.
New cards
11
bryophytes
Unlike ________ and pteridophytes, in gymnosperms the male and the female gametophytes do not have an independent free- living existence.
New cards
12
zygote
The ________ develops into an embryo (with one or two cotyledons) and the PEN develops into endosperm which provides nourishment to the developing embryo.
New cards
13
sporophytes
The ________ bear sporangia that are subtended by leaf- like appendages called sporophylls.
New cards
14
gymnosperms
The leaves in ________ are well- adapted to withstand extremes of temperature, humidity and wind.
New cards
15
terrestrial plants
They are the first ________ to possess vascular tissues- xylem and phloem.
New cards
16
trans shipment
Species of Sphagnum, a moss, provide peat that have long been used as fuel, and as packing material for ________ of living material because of their capacity to hold water.
New cards
17
Selaginella
The leaves are small (microphylls) as in ________ or large (macrophylls) as in ferns.
New cards
18
dense mats
Since mosses form ________ on the soil, they reduce the impact of falling rain and prevent soil erosion.
New cards
19
slender
Each stamen consists of a(n) ________ filament with an anther at the tip.
New cards
20
antherozoid fuses
A(n) ________ with the egg to produce the zygote.
New cards
21
conifers
In ________, the needle- like leaves reduce the surface area.
New cards
22
nucellus
The ________ is protected by envelopes and the composite structure is called an ovule.
New cards
23
sporangia
The ________ produce spores by meiosis in spore mother cells which germinate to give rise to inconspicuous, small but multicellular, free- living, mostly photosynthetic thalloid gametophytes called prothallus.
New cards
24
brown algae
They are ________ which are found primarily in marine habitats.
New cards
25
mosses
The sporophyte in ________ is more elaborate than that in liverworts.
New cards
26
capsule
The ________ contains spores which are formed after meiosis.
New cards
27
Dryopteris
The pteridophytes are further classified into four classes: Psilopsida (Psilotum); Lycopsida (Selaginella, Lycopodium), Sphenopsida (Equisetum) and Pteropsida (________, Pteris, Adiantum)
New cards
28
fertilisation
After ________, the zygote develops into a sporophyte, consisting of a foot, seta and capsule.
New cards
29
sandy soil
They are found in cool, damp, shady places though some may flourish well in ________ conditions.
New cards
30
Pyrenoids
________ contain protein besides starch.
New cards
31
shady habitats
They grow usually in moist, ________ such as banks of streams, marshy ground, damp soil, bark of trees and deep in the woods.
New cards
32
Gemmae
________ are green, multicellular, asexual buds, which develop in small receptacles called ________ cups located on the thalli.
New cards
33
meiosis
After ________, spores are produced within the capsule.
New cards
34
r phycoerythrin
They are red algae because of the predominance of the red pigment, ________ in their body.
New cards
35
protoplast
The ________ contains plastids, a centrally located vacuole and nucleus.
New cards
36
synergids
The ________ and antipodals degenerate after fertilisation.
New cards
37
bear two
The gametes are pyriform (pear- shaped) and ________ laterally attached flagella.
New cards
38
ovary wall
These are plants in which the ovules are not enclosed by any ________ and remain exposed, both before and after fertilisation.
New cards
39
rigid cell wall
They have a(n) ________ made of an inner layer of cellulose and an outer layer of pectose.
New cards
40
mother cell
Within the anthers, the pollen ________ divide by meiosis to produce microspores which matures into pollen grains.
New cards
41
thallus
The ________ is dorsiventral and closely appressed to the substrate.
New cards
42
vegetative cells
The ________ have a cellulosic wall usually covered on the outside by a gelatinous coating of algin.
New cards
43
fresh water
They are chlorophyll- bearing, simple, thalloid, autotrophic and largely aquatic (both ________ and marine) organisms.
New cards
44
transfer of antherozoids
Water is required for ________.
New cards
45
plate
The chloroplasts may be discoid, ________- like, reticulate, cup- shaped, spiral or ribbon- shaped in different species.
New cards
46
new plants
They are flagellated (motile) and on germination gives rise to ________.
New cards
47
young embryos
The development of the zygotes into ________ take place within the female gametophytes.
New cards
48
archegonium
The antherozoids are released into water where they come in contact with ________.
New cards
49
pollen tube
The ________ carrying the male gametes grows towards archegonia in the ovules and discharge their contents near the mouth of the archegonia.
New cards
50
megaspore mother cell
The ________ is differentiated from one of the cells of the nucellus.
New cards
51
They occur in a variety of other habitats
moist stones, soils and wood
New cards
52
Examples
Chlamydomonas, Volvox, Ulothrix, Spirogyra and Chara
New cards
53
Examples
Ectocarpus, Dictyota, Laminaria, Sargassum and Fucus
New cards
54
Examples
Polysiphonia, Porphyra, Gracilaria and Gelidium
New cards
55
Examples
Funaria, Polytrichum and Sphagnum
New cards
56
They are the first terrestrial plants to possess vascular tissues
xylem and phloem
New cards
57
The pteridophytes are further classified into four classes
Roots in some genera have fungal association in the form of mycorrhiza (Pinus), while in some others (Cycas) small specialised roots called coralloid roots are associated with N2
fixing cyanobacteria
New cards
59
Each embryo-sac has a three-celled egg apparatus
one egg cell and two synergids, three antipodal cells and two polar nuclei
Studied by 13 people
Note 
Flashcard (24)