education

yuh yuh children cant succeed due to the class system init

What’s the four functions of education which functionalists believe in

1) meritocracy

2) social cohesion - education teaches us how to behave, the norms & values of society

• taught through hidden curriculum + national curriculum

3) core values

What’s the functionalist view on education?

-education is needed to prepare students for all roles of society:

• doctors, cashiers, garbage workers etc.

-education system acts as a neutral filtering system

-believe in meritocracy

What’s the Marxist view on education?

-education reproduces class inequalities (eg. middle/working class) by forming a workplace

-meritocracy is a myth

-schools mirror work (correspondence principle)

What’s the feminist view on education?

-education system reflects patriarchal society

-hidden curriculum teaches these patriarchal values: gender stereotypes, gender division in sports/jobs etc.

Arguments for & against private schools

FOR:

• smaller class sizes

• better facilities

• academic privilege

AGAINST:

• increases class inequalities

• socially divisive

What’s marketisation?

a set of policies where schools were encouraged to compete against each other

they would act more like ‘private businesses’ and try get the highest scores on the league table to attract more parents

correspondence principle

the idea that the structure of schools reflect the structure and workplace. It suggests that the social inequalities and hierarchies present in society are reproduced and reinforced within the educational system.

What’s de-schooling?

-the belief that schools should be abolished

• this is because they don’t allow all students to progress the same as they don’t take into account a child’s individual differences

• schools today are seen as restrictive and don’t let children explore, experiment or have flexibility

What’s streaming

putting pupils in groups based on their ability in different subjects eg. set 1 for maths so set 1 for most subjects

• seen as positive as it allows them to work at their own pace

  —> however, this can lead to labelling. eg. someone in set 8 being labelled as dumb

What’s setting?

putting pupils in groups based on their ability on general assessments

• easier to divide students based on their performance, however it can lead to students having low self-esteem, leading to self fulfilling prophecy.

What’s the tripartite system?

Butler Act:
- everyone in 1945-1970 took the 11+. According to results, they would either attend grammar, technical (women) or secondary modern schools (men)

What’s a vocational education?

Education focused more practical/technical skills

What’s material deprivation?

cannot afford goods seen as necessary in education/society (eg. lack of money, revision sources, cramped living conditions)

• it can affect a child’s attainment as these conditions can affect their attendance affecting performance

Anti-school subculture

a social group or movement that opposes or rejects the values, norms, and practices associated with traditional schooling. It can manifest in various forms, such as students who resist authority, reject academic achievement, or engage in disruptive behavior. In sociology, the study of anti-school subcultures explores the reasons behind this opposition and its impact on educational institutions and individuals.

What’s cultural deprivation?

a lack of culture capital

their norms and values give them a disadvantage in education as working class parents could struggle to provide their children with the aspirations middle class parents can.

this could be because they don’t value education

eg. university is a waste of time.

they may believe in immediate gratification (experiencing fulfillment without delay)

eg. university is perceived as a delay to earning money earlier

What’s culture capital?

having knowledge, education & norms that society values & that bourgeoisie can pass onto their children giving them an advantage

eg. middle class parents generally have a higher culture capital

restricted code

elaborated code

restricted code - working class speaking in slang/poor grammar/poor vocabulary eg. wys cah u looking clapped like a fish sytll dijaw

elaborated code - complex sentences, rich vocabulary, correct grammar (bourgeoisie)

What’s role allocation?

individuals in a society are assigned or acquire specific roles or positions based on their abilities, qualifications, or social characteristics.

however, people with a lower quality of education are places at the bottom of the content

What’s the halo effect?

teachers seeing students being obedient & well behaved

—> automatically think they’re smart

ethnocentric curriculum

curriculum based on the values of one race (in this instance, British people)

What’s disciplinary discourse?

teachers are more harder & sarcastic against males

What’s the male gaze?

males (teachers/students) look at females in an inappropriate way)