Reasons
Failure of total strategy
Bothas reforms
Economic problems
State of emergency
Rubicon speech
Failure of Total strategy
Violence in townships, ANC attacks rose to nearly 300 by 1988
Govt suppression increased international opposition
Bothas reforms
Underpinned by WHAM (winning hearts and minds) - sought to appease non-whites whilst maintaining white supremacy
Repealed mixed marriages act, pass laws abolished, parks largely desegregated (ending pacts of petty apartheid) BUT some aspects persisted (train segregation ect)
Constitutional reforms passed in 1984 referendum; tricameral parliament (separate for Blacks, Whites and Coloured/Indians) with blacks electing local councils, multiracial cabinet controlled defence ect, uni racial cabinets controlled health/education, PM became president chosen by Majority white electoral college
Limited support; 30% coloured and 20% Indians voted; 12% black turnout in locals
Botha met regularly with Mandela and offered to free him if he Renounced violence BUT didn’t release him
Economic problems
90 US fm (inc Kodak) with drew 1985-86
Rand feel 35% in 1985, whites estimated to be outnumbered 5-1 by blacked by 2000, inflation 18% (1986)
State of emergency
Aimed to re-establish control and find lasting settlement
Failed; didn’t remove underlying problems, SADF deployment of 8000 troops in townships didn’t stop violence, increased international opposition
Botha rubicon speech indicated govt unwilling to change - inc international opposition