skeletal system quiz

two main skeleton divisions

axial and appendicular

axial skeleton bones

skull bones, ear bones, hyoid bone, sternum, ribs, vertebral column

appendicular skeleton bones

pectoral girdle, upper extremities, pelvic girdle, lower extremities

number of bones in the cranium

8

bones of the cranium

two parietal, two temporal, one frontal, one occipital, one sphenoid, one ethmoid

the structure of cranial bones

thin and remarkably strong

formed by the frontal bone

forehead, most of the roof of the orbits and the anterior part of the cranial floor

supraorbital foramen

allows the supraorbital artery and nerve to pass to the forehead

the two large frontal bone sinuses

cells that make mucus to keep the nose from drying out

parietal bones

2 curved and rectangular bones

the four sutures associated with the parietal bones

coronal, midsagittal, lambdoid, squamous

coronal suture

joins frontal bone to parietal bones

midsagittal suture

joins the two parietal bones to each other

lambdoid suture

joins parietal bones to the occipital bone

squamous suture

joins the parietal bones to the temporal bones

temporal bone

complicated shape with four parts

four parts of the temporal bone

squamous, mastoid, zygomatic, petrous

squamous (as a temporal bone)

flat and very thin

mastoid

the back part of the temporal bone, has a sinus, connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx, infections go here

zygomatic

back of cheek bone

petrous

houses inner ear structures

the area where the first grey hairs appear

near the temple

occipital bone

forms most of the skull’s posterior walls and floor

major markings in the occipital bone

foramen magnum and occipital condyles

foramen magnum

spinal cord attachment to the brain

occipital condyles

articulates with the atlas (first cervical vertebrae) to move the head

sphenoid bones

the keystone of the cranium

ethmoid bones

at the roof of the nasal cavity, in between the two orbital cavities

mandible

lower jaw bone, only movable joint of the skull

mandibular foramen

permits nerves responsible for tooth sensation to pass to teeth of the lower jaw

mental foramen

allows blood vessels and nerves to pass to the skin of the chin

maxilla

upper jaw, keystone of the facial bones

the only facial bone that doesn’t touch the maxilla

hyoid

vomer

plow-shaped bone that forms the nasal septum

function of the skull cavities

surround and protect the brain and sensory organs

main cavities of the skull

cranial cavity, middle and internal ear cavity, orbits, nasal cavity, oral cavity

orbits

bony cavities in which the eyes are firmly encased and cushioned by fatty tissue, formed by parts of seven bones

nasal cavity

constructed of bone and hyaline cartilage

hyoid bone

movable base of the tongue, only attached to muscles and ligaments

parts of the vertebral column

cervical, thoracic, lumbar

number of vertebrae in cervical part of vertebral column

7

number of vertebrae in thoracic part of vertebral column

12

number of vertebrae in lumbar part of vertebral column

5

kyphosis

abnormal thoracic curve (hunchback)

lordosis

abnormal lumbar curve (swayback)

scoliosis

abnormal lateral deviation in curve in thoracic area

parts of typical vertebra

vertebral foramen (canal), spinous and transverse processes, body

vertebral foramen (canal)

where spinal cord passes through

spinous and transverse processes

attachment sites for muscles and ligaments

body of typical vertebra

weight-bearing region of the vertebra

parts of intervertebral disc

nucleus pulposis, annulus fibrosis, rings of fibrocartilage

nucleus pulposis

inner gelatinous nucleus, gives the disc its elasticity and compressibility

annulus fibrosis

“ring of fibers”, limits expansion of nucleus pulposis, binds vertebrae together to resist tension in spine

parts of a typical true rib

rib bone, tubercle and head of vertebra, hyaline cartilage

structure of typical true rib

flat; consists of head, neck, tubercle, shaft

what do the tubercle and head do in a typical true rib?

articulate with vertebrae

hyaline cartilage in a typical true rib

prolongs ribs forward and contributes to elasticity of walls of thorax

pectoral girdle

scapula and clavicle

pelvic girdle

hip bone

sternal end of clavicle

cone shape, where clavicle attaches to sternum

acromial end of clavicle

flattered, attaches to scapula

glenoid cavity

articulates with head of humerus

coracoid process

a hook-shaped bone structure projecting anterolaterally from the superior aspect of the scapular neck

humerus

largest and longest bone of the upper limb

ulna

on the pinky side of your arm

radius

on the thumb side of your arm

carpals

wrist bones

metacarpals

palm bones

phalanges

finger bones

scapula

articulates with the humerus at the shoulder

radius and ulna

articulates with the humerus at the elbow

surgical neck

most common sight of fractures in the humerus

parts of pelvic girdle

ischium, ilium, coccyx

male pelvic girdle

narrower but heavier, more compact, iliac crest is higher

female pelvic girdle

broader, less compact, bigger distance between ischium bones, wide pubic angle

femur

thigh bone; largest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the body; articulates proximally with the hip bone and distally with the tibia

tibia

weight bearing bone

fibula

thin, long lateral bone

tibia and fibula

articulate with each other both proximally and distally

talus

ankle bone

calcaneus

heel

metatarsals

connect talus to phalanges

phalanges

toe bones