imperialism quest

William Randolph Hearst

ran the New York Journal, proponent of yellow journalism: "You furnish the pictures, I'll furnish the war"

Theodore Roosevelt

US President, fought in the Rough Riders during the SPAM war, championed expansionism; nicknamed "Bull Moose"; got SHOT except he LIVED because of his FIFTY PAGE COPY OF HIS SPEECH AND HIS STEEL EYEGLASS CASE PROTECTING HIS CHEST

Rough Riders

a group of volunteer soldiers made up of miners, lawyers, cowboys, etc. that fought at Kettle Hill and allowed the US to secure San Juan Hill, a strategically important site; led by Theodore Roosevelt

Guam

island in the Pacific ceded to the US after the Spanish-American War, acted as a stepping stone to China and the Philippines

Emilio Aguinaldo

leader of the Filipino independence movement, initially helped George Dewey secure the Philippines but fought back against the US after it became clear they would not get independence

Manifest Destiny

the belief that America was destined to expand and conquer North America

White Man's Burden

a poem by Rudyard Kipling describing how it was the duty of white people to bring civilization and Christianity to Asia, Africa, etc.

Commodore George Dewey

admiral in the US Navy who fought the Spanish in the Philippines

William "Big Bill" Howard Taft

first American governor of the Philippines; succeeded Roosevelt as President

Sanford Dole

a wealthy sugar plantation owner; became the first governor of Hawai'i after the queen was overthrown and asked for Hawai'i to be annexed to the US

Queen Liliuokalani

last queen of Hawaii; wanted to restore the monarchy; overthrown by US Marines

tariff

a tax on imported goods to help domestic businesses

Cuban War of Independence

1895-1898; led by Jose Marti; main cause of the Spanish-American War as it aroused sympathy in Americans

guerrilla warfare

an unconventional fighting style using hit-and-run tactics

Platt Amendment

a 1903 treaty between the US and Cuba to protect Cuba from foreign intervention; 1) gave the US permission to intervene 2) prevented Cuba from incurring debt with another country 3) prevented Cuba from signing treaties with other countries 4) allowed the US to build a naval base in Guantanamo Bay

De Lôme letter

letter by Spanish ambassador Enrique Dupoy de Lôme that insulted President McKinley; leaked in NY Journal and angered Americans

General Valeriano Weyler

"The Butcher"; set up reconcentration camps to keep civilians from helping the rebels

yellow journalism

exaggerated and sensationalized journalism to catch attention and sell papers

William McKinley

president of the US during the SPAM War, reluctant supporter of imperialism; got assassinated lmao

reconcentration camps

camps to keep civilians from helping rebels; crowded, unhygienic, starved people to death

protectorate

a state that is controlled and protected by another

José Marti

leader of the Cuban independence movement

Treaty of Paris

ended SPAM war; 1) freed Cuba from Spain 2) ceded Guam and Puerto Rico to America 3) sold Philippines to America for $20 million

assassination of William McKinley

shot by Leon Czolgosz while in public because he had no bodyguards. massive L

John L. Stevens

Minister to Hawaii, led the plot to overthrow the queen

social Darwinism

the idea that certain races were biologically inferior and less evolved than others; a reason for imperialism

expansionism

expanding territory through colonies or military/economic control

Anglo-Saxonism

the belief that English speaking countries are superior and more civilized, a reason for imperialism

imperialism

the domination of one country over another, through military, political, or economic means

commonwealth

a self-governing territory associated with another country; another word for colony; however, citizens of a commonwealth have more power than citizens of a colony

reasons for imperialism

1) Anglo-Saxonism and cultural superiority 2) the White Man's Burden, spreading civilization 3) desire for new trade markets and places to get raw materials

Puerto Rico

a commonwealth of the US, part of the US and pays taxes but its citizens can't vote; ceded to the US during the Spanish-American War; strategically valuable for ports

Panama Canal

canal connecting Pacific and Atlantic; finished in 1914; uses locks to raise ships above sea level; supported by Teddy Roosevelt

Panama Revolution

Panamanians revolted against Colombia and were supported by the US because they wanted to build the Panama Canal

Admiral Alfred Mahan

encouraged the government to increase their naval power to compete with Europe

Rudyard Kipling

poet who was influential in spreading Anglo-Saxon ideals

significance of the Spanish-American War

1) showed the US navy's power 2) managed to defeat a European power 3) America acquired their own empire 4) ended isolationism, began intervening in world affairs again 5) increased foreign investment

"Remember the Maine, to hell with Spain"

slogan used against Spain after the Maine explosion

U.S.S. Maine explosion

The Maine was sent to Cuba in 1898 to protect Americans living in Cuba; exploded in Havana's harbor with no known cause; resulted in outrage in Americans, blamed on the Spanish

jingoism

aggressive nationalism; exemplified by annexation of Hawai'i

reasons for the SPAM war

Spanish war crimes, USS Maine, desire to protect US investments, desire to prevent the destruction of property (which the rebels were responsible for), yellow journalism (kinda)

assimilation

when the people in a conquered territory are "absorbed" and their culture comes to resemble the dominant country (e.g. teaching English in Filipino schools)

Teller Amendment

the US promised to withdraw and give Cuba independence after Spain was overthrown; withdrew in 1902; however, they still had the right to intervene

anti-imperialist movement

included Jane Addams, Samuel Gompers, Andrew Carnegie, President Cleveland, and William Randolph Hearst

spheres of influence

regions in a country where another country has exclusive economic control

Open Door policy

created by US secretary John Hay, advocated for all countries to be able to trade freely with China without any country having exclusive rights; summarized in the Open Door notes

Boxer Rebellion

rebellion led by a martial arts secret society nicknamed the Boxers; killed foreigners, missionaries, Chinese Christian converts; an alliance of 8 nations put down the rebellion; China had to pay reparations and allow trade for them

arbitration

having a neutral third party oversee negotiations; Roosevelt arbitrated for Russia and Japan after their war in 1905 and won the Nobel Peace Prize for it

big stick diplomacy

Roosevelt's foreign policy based off of the African proverb "speak softly and carry a big stick"; negotiating with foreign countries while backed up by the unspoken threat of a large military

dollar diplomacy

Taft's foreign policy of using economic power to control a region, such as trying to buy railroads in China from Japan and Russia

missionary diplomacy

also called moral diplomacy, said the US would not recognize Latin American governments that were hostile to the US, undemocratic, or corrupt; for example, the US intervened in the Mexican Civil War after General Victoriano Huerta took control as a military dictator

Roosevelt Corollary

extension of the Monroe Doctrine that said the US would use force to protect their economic interests in Latin America

Monroe Doctrine

President Monroe's foreign policy, created in 1823; the US would not allow Europe to intervene in the Americas; later allowed the US to gain economic influence in the region and build their own empire

isolationism

not participating in global affairs to protect one's self; what the US followed before the SPAM war and before WW2

collective security

working with other countries to influence world affairs

internationalism

intervening in other countries' affairs to promote important national interests and/or to safeguard national security

Woodrow Wilson

president of the US, succeeded William Taft, first Democratic president in ???? very long time, followed a policy of neutrality in WW1

Joseph Pulitzer

journalist who ran the New York World, proponent of yellow journalism