A Dangerous Divide Vocab Study Guide

A series of flashcards focusing on key vocabulary related to cell division, specifically meiosis and karyotyping, along with associated concepts and definitions.

Meiosis

The cellular process that results in the number of chromosomes in gamete-producing cells being reduced by half.

Gametes

Sperm and egg cells that contain half the number of chromosomes of the original body cell.

Mitosis

The cellular process where one cell divides to produce two daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the original.

Nondisjunction

An error during mitosis or meiosis when members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to move apart properly.

Karyotype

A visual representation of the chromosomes in a cell, used to identify chromosomal abnormalities.

Monosomy

The presence of only one chromosome in a pair, resulting in one missing chromosome.

Trisomy

The presence of three of the same chromosome, resulting in one extra chromosome.

Chromosome Structure

The arrangement and organization of DNA within a chromosome, including features like the centromere and arms.

Deletion

Occurs when a segment of a chromosome is removed or lost.

Duplication

Occurs when a segment of a chromosome is replicated and inserted next to the original copy.

Inversion

Occurs when part of a chromosome is placed in the wrong orientation compared to the rest of the chromosome.

Insertion

Occurs when a part of one chromosome is removed and added to another chromosome.

Translocation

Occurs when two chromosomes swap segments.