Upper body muscles

trapezius

1. occipital protuberance, transver process of C7-T12

2. lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromium and scapula

3. C3,2 accessory nerve (11)

4. rotates, elevates, depresses, retracts scapular for arm elevation

5. extends + rotates head

levator scapulae

1. transverse process of C1-4

2. superior medial border os scapula

3. dorsal scapula nerve, C2,C3

4. elevates

rhomboids

1. major → spinous process T2-T5 → medial border bellow spine

2. minor → spinous process C7 -T1 → medial border at spine

3. dorsal scapula nerve

4. elevates and retracts scapula

deltoids

1. scapula and lateral clavicle

2. deltoid tuberosity

3. axillary nerve

4. abducts > 15

test for C5 myotome

latissimus dorsi

1. dorsal saccrum, ilial crest, lower ribs , spinous process T6-L5

2. intertubercular sulcus

3. thoracodorsal nerve

4. extends, medially rotates adducts arm

pec major

1. sternal → 1-7 costal cartilage

2. clavicular → medial clavicle and anterior sternum

3. lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus

4. lat and medial pec nerve

5. flex, extends, medially rotates and adducts arm

pec minor

1. anterior 3-5 ribs

2. coracoid process

3. medial pec nerve

4. protracts and rotates scapula

subclavius

1. 1st costal cartilage

2. middle third of clavicle

3. nerve to subclavius

4. depresses and stabilises clavicle

serratus anteriosus

1. lateral 1-8/9 tibs

2. medial border of scapula

3. long thoracic nerve

4. prevents winging → protracts scapula + rotates

supraspinatus

1. supraspinous fossa

2. superiro facet of greater tubercle

3. suprascapular nerve

4. abducts < 15

in

infraspinatous

1. infraspinous fossa

2. medial aspect of greater tuberble

3. suprascapular nerve

4. laterally rotates

teres minor

1. lateral infraspinous fossa

2. inferior facet of greater tubercle

3. axillary nerve

4. lateral rotation

subscapularis

1. subscapular fossa

2. lesser tubercle

3. superior and inferior subscapular nerve

   1. medially rotates

teres major

1. lateral scapular at inferior angle

2. medial lip of intertubercular sulcus

3. inferior subscapular nerve

4. medially rotates and extends arm

biceps brachii

1. long head → supraglenoid tubercle

2. short head → coracoid process

3. radial tuberosity

4. musculocutaneous nerve

5. flexes shoulder and arm, powerful supinator

coracobrachialis (insertion)

1. coracoid process

2. medial aspect of humerus

3. musculocutaneous nerve

4. flexes arm and adducts

brachialis

1. anterior aspect of humerus

2. ulnar tuberosit and coronoid process

3. musculocutaneous nerve

4. flexes forearm

triceps brachii

1. long head → infraglenoid tubercle

2. medial → inferior to radial groove

3. lateral → superior to radial groove

4. olecranon

5. radial nerve

6. extents arm and forearm

flexor carpi ulnaris

1. humeral head → medial epicondyle

2. ulnar head → posterior ulnar and olecranon

3. base of 5th metacarpal, pisiform and hamate

4. ulnar nerve

5. flexes and adducts wrist

ulnar nerve passes through both heads

palmaris longus

1. medial epicondyle

2. palmar apeneurosis

3. median nerve

4. tenses palmar skin

flexor carpi ulnaris

1. medial epicondyle

2. base of metacarpal 2 and 3

3. median nerve

4. flexes and abducts

pronator teres (insertion and origin)

1. humeral → medial epicondyle

2. ulnar → olecranon

3. lateral midshaft of radius

4. median nerve

median nerve and ulnar artery passes through both heads

flexor digitorum superficiallis

1. humero-ulnar → medial epicondyle and coranoid process

2. radial → oblique line of radius

3. median nerve

4. margins of middle phalange 2-5

5. flexes wirst and proximal IP joint

flexor digitorum profundus

1. anterior ulnar and interosseous membrane

2. distal phalanx of 2-5

3. anterior interosseous branch of median nerve and ulnar nerve

4. flexes wrist and fingers

flexor pollicis longus

1. anterior radius and interosseous membrane

2. distal phalange of 1

3. anterior interosseous branch of median nerve

4. flexes thumb

pronator qudratus

1. anterior aspect of distal ulnar

2. antero-lateral apsect of distal radius

3. anterior interosseous branch of median nerve

4. pronates fore-arm

brachioradialis

1. lateral supraepicondylar ridge

2. lateral distal raidus and styloid process

3. radial nerve

4. flexes partially pronated forearm

extensor carpi ulnaris (innervation insertion and origitn)

1. longus → lateral supraepicondylar ridge and lateral epicondyle

2. brevis → lateral epicondyle

3. base of metacarpal 2 (longus and brevis) and 3(brevis)

4. radial nerve and deep branch of radial nerve

5. extend abducts

extendor digitorum

1. lateral epycondyle

2. extensor hoods of 2-5

3. posterior interosseous branch or radial nerve

4. extends wrist and fingers

extensor digiti minimi

1. lateral epicondyle

2. extensor hood of 5

3. PIB of radial nerve

4. extends pinki

extensor carpi ulnaris

1. lateral epicondyle

2. base of 5th metacarpal

3. PIB radial nerve

4. extends and adducts

ANCONEUS

1. LATERAL EPICONDYLE

2. olecranon and posterior ulnar

3. raial nerve

4. abducts ulnar to maintain hand position in pronation

supinator

1. superficial → lateral epicondyle

2. deep → ulna

3. oblique line of radius

4. deep branch of radial nerve

5. supinates arm

abductor pollicis longus

1. posterior radius and ulnar and interosseous membrane

2. side of metacarpal 1

3. PIB radial nerve

4. abduct thumb

extensor pollicis

1. longus → ulner, interosseous membrane → distal phalange of 1

2. brevis → radius, interosseous membranne → proximal phalange of 1

3. PIB of radial nerve

4. extend thumb

extensor indices

1. posterior ulnar and interosseous membrane

2. distal phalange of 2

3. pIB of radial nerve

4. extend pointer

palmaris brevis

superficial branch of ulnar nerve

hypothernar

1. oponens digiti minimi

2. flexor digiti minimi brevis

3. abductor digiti minimi

deep branch of ulnar nerve

thenar

1. oponens pollicis

2. abductor pollicis brevis

3. flexor pollicis brevis

recurrent branch of median nerve

adductor pollicis

deep branch of ulnar nerve

lumbricals

digital branch of median nerve (2-3) deep branch of ulnar nerve (4-5)

interossei

deep branch of ulnar nerve