research methods exam 2 - ethics

what identifies the tools for making ethical descisions relative to research methods?

research ethics

what is the fabrication, falsification or plagiarism in proposing, perfoming or reviewing research?

scientific misconduct

what is the dishonest act of presenting intellectual property, including a piece of writing, a drawing or an idea that originated with someone elese as if you had thought of it?

plagiarism

What are the 4 ways to limit plagiarism?

collaboration, using quotes when copying, responsible review, plagiarism detection software

what is the term used when a researcher removes data from the results section when that data does not match the rest?

dishonesty

What is the criteria for authorship of a study?

substantial contributions, drafting/revision of work, final approval, accountability agreement .

what criteria DO NOT guarantee authorship within a study?

funding, data collection/analysis, proof reading

What type of scientific misconduct is the deception of a study due to the composure of lab book without performing experiments and lying to colleagues about actions?

fabrication

what type of scientific misconduct is used when results are made false by altering or adding to/changing data to make it agree with the hypothesis?

falsification

what type of scientific misconduct is the use or passing off ideas or writings of another as one’s own?

plagiarism

What is a fundamental distinction used when a study yields not data (ex: a satellite fails to transmit data after launch)?

failed experiment

a fundamental distinction of a study that contradicts the hypothesis produces what?

negative result

Data that is extreme or does not fit with expectations can be considered what?

outliers

Human experimentation requires specific training and a written proposal that shows what?

proper confidentiality protocols, informed consent, maintaining records

what is the responsibility of the investigators when using human subjects?

safety/confidentiality of subjects, informed consent

Aside from informed consent, what is needed to be explained to human subjects themselves?

experimental procedures, risks, rewards, justification of risks /benefit of drug

within the informed consent form, what is the understanding that I am volunteering for the study and I can quit the study whenever I want to?

condition of subject participation

within the informed consent form, what is the understanding that I will be asked to skate with my best effort but if I get too tired while skating during the testing I should stop to take a break and rest

what are examples within informed consent forms are people to ask about the study or questions about rights of individuals?

contacts

when filling out informed consent/assent forms what is the subject statement of I understand the activities, may ask questions at any time, may quit and a copy of this assent form has been given to me?

subjects assurances

rules/ regulations when using human subjects is put into place for what reason?

subject safety/wellbeing

What came out in 1947 that stated the voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential that requires the capacity to consent, freedom from coercion, no penalty for withdrawal and comprehension of risk/reward?

nuremberg code

what allowed for research with humans based on results from lab/animal experimentation, protocols are reviewed by an independent committee and risks should not exceed benefits for medically cleared individuals?

Declaration of Helsinki

Within what did a national committee for research involving humans identify the basic ethical principles that should underlie the conduct of biomedical and behavioral research involving human subjects and developed guidelines that should be followed to insure these are followed?

National Research Act

What was created in response to the National Research act that attempts to summarize the basic ethical principles identified by the commission?

Belmont report

What are the 3 ethical principles for protection of Human subjects stated in the Belmont Report?

Respect for Persons, beneficence, justice

what principle within the Belmont report acknowledges the dignity and freedom of every person and requires obtaining informed consent from all potential subjects?

respect for persons

what principle of the belmont report requires that researchers maximize benefits and minimize harm and research related risk must be reasonable in light of expected benefit?

beneficence

what principle of the belmont report requires equitable selection and recruitment/fairness in distribution so that disadvantage people don’t bear all negative consequences and advantaged people don’t receive all positive benefits?

justice

What involves the law requiring that participants must be informed about all aspects of the study that are related to their protection and is generally a written agreement that participants agree to participate?

informed consent