Copy of AP Huge Final Review:

Relocation Diffusion

The spread of a cultural trait or idea through the physical movement of people.

Stimulus Diffusion

The spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected.

Hierarchical Diffusion

The spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places.

Expansion Diffusion

The spread of a feature from one place to another in a snowballing process.

Contagious Diffusion

The rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population.

Distance Decay

The diminishing importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.

Time-Space Compression

The reduction in the time it takes for something to reach another place due to technological advancements.

Folk Housing Patterns

Traditional housing styles that reflect the cultural heritage and environmental context of an area.

Demographic Transition Model

Explains the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops.

Steps of the Demographic Transition Model: Stage I

High birth and death rates lead to a stable population.

Steps of the Demographic Transition Model: Stage II

Death rates drop due to improvements in healthcare, causing rapid population growth.

Steps of the Demographic Transition Model: Stage III

Birth rates begin to decline; population growth slows.

Steps of the Demographic Transition Model: Stage IV

Both birth and death rates are low, leading to a stable population.

Higher CBR Areas

Regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa and parts of South Asia.

Higher CDR Areas

Regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa, parts of South Asia, and developed countries with aging populations.

Arithmetic Density

Total population divided by total land area.

Physiological Density

Total population divided by arable land area.

Agricultural Density

Number of farmers per unit of arable land.

Population Pyramids

Graphs that show the distribution of various age groups in a population.

Epidemiological Transition Model

Describes the changes in population health as countries develop.

Overpopulation

Occurs when a region’s population exceeds its carrying capacity.

Thomas Malthus Theory

The idea that population growth would outpace food production, leading to famine.

Gender Differences in Migration

Men traditionally migrate for economic opportunities; women often for family reunification.

Forced Migration

Migration due to conflict, natural disasters, or persecution.

Chain Migration

Migration driven by family reunification where relatives have already settled.

Transhumance

The seasonal movement of livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures.

Snowbirds Migration

Retirees or seasonal workers migrating to warmer regions during winter.

Ethnicity

Shared cultural traits, language, religion, or ancestry.

Universalizing Religion

A religion that seeks to convert individuals from different cultural backgrounds.

Ethnic Religion

A religion associated with a specific ethnic group, often not seeking converts.

Assimilation

The process by which a person or group's culture comes to resemble those of another group.

Balkanization

The fragmentation of a state into smaller regions or states based on ethnic lines.

Nation-State

A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a specific nation.

Landlocked State

A state without direct access to an ocean or sea.

Chokepoint

A geographical feature that forces an armed force to pass, resulting in strategic control.

Gravity Model

Predicts the interaction between two places based on population size and distance.

GDP per Capita

The total economic output divided by the population, indicating average income.

Life Expectancy

The average number of years a person is expected to live.

Literacy Rate

The percentage of people who can read and write at a specified age.