3rd Quarter Notes

Qualitative Research

Exploring and understanding the meaning individuals or groups ascribe to a social or human problem through interviews and participant observation.

Quantitative Research

Testing objective theories by examining the relationship among variables using instruments and statistical procedures.

Mixed Methods

Inquiry involving collecting both quantitative and qualitative data, integrating the two forms of data, and incorporating philosophical assumptions and theoretical frameworks.

Philosophical Worldviews

Basic set of beliefs that guide action in research, including paradigms, epistemologies, ontologies, and broadly conceived research methodologies.

Postpositivism

Worldview characterized by determination, reductionism, empirical observation and measurement, and theory verification.

Transformative

Worldview focused on political, power and justice orientation, collaboration, and change orientation.

Constructivism

Worldview centered on understanding, multiple participant meanings, social and historical construction, and theory generation.

Pragmatism

Worldview emphasizing consequences of actions, problem-centeredness, pluralism, and real-world practice orientation.

Research Designs

Types of inquiry within qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches that provide specific direction for procedures in a research study.

Quantitative Designs

Strategies of inquiry associated with quantitative research, including true experiments, quasi-experiments, and non-experimental quantitative research such as causal-comparative research and correlational design.

Qualitative Designs

Approaches to qualitative research, including phenomenology, case study, grounded theory, narratology, ethnography, discourse analysis, and hermeneutics.

Mixed Methods Design

Research design that combines or integrates qualitative and quantitative research and data in a research study, including convergent mixed methods, explanatory sequential mixed methods, and exploratory sequential mixed methods.

Purpose of Recreational Activity

Engaging in recreational activities for fitness and enjoyment.

Traditional Recreational Activities

Activities such as camping, yoga, hiking, and traditional games like "Laro ng Lahi" (Philippine traditional games).

Warm-up Exercise

Preparatory exercises done before engaging in recreational activities to increase flexibility and prevent injuries.

Recreational Activities for Cardiovascular Fitness

Activities such as swimming, dancing, and jump ropes that increase cardiovascular fitness.

Adventure Sports

Examples include mountaineering, trekking, climbing, camping, mountain biking, and cycling.

Team-building Activities

Activities in recreational programs that foster teamwork and cooperation among participants.

Business Ethics

Moral principles, policies, and values that govern the way business and individuals engage in business activity.

Forms of Business Organization

Different types of business entities, including sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, and limited liability company (LLC).

Sole Proprietorship

A business owned and operated by one individual, who assumes complete responsibility for its liabilities or debts.

Partnership

A legal relationship formed by the agreement between two or more individuals to carry on a business as co-owners.

Corporation

A business entity with a separate legal existence from its owners, known as shareholders, who elect a board of directors to oversee major policies and decisions.

Limited Liability Company (LLC)

A business structure that provides some protection against personal liability and protects the owner's assets from financial liability.

Service Business

A type of business that provides intangible products, such as professional skills, expertise, advice, and other similar services.

Merchandising Business

A business that buys products at wholesale prices and sells them at retail prices, making a profit from the price difference.

Manufacturing Business

A business that transforms raw materials into a new product through a production process and sells the manufactured goods to customers.

Hybrid Business

Companies that may be classified in more than one type of business, combining elements of manufacturing, merchandising, and service provision.

Values

Fundamental beliefs of an organization that dictate behavior and actions.

Business Goals

Objectives that a company aims to achieve.

Problem Solver

Building a great company is about solving one problem after the next.

Ambitious

Having the drive and determination to make things happen and create change.

Transparent

Being honest, open, and direct in all conversations.

Empathetic

Understanding challenges others face and helping them thrive.

Adaptable

The ability to handle ambiguity and openness to change.

Accountable

Taking responsibility for activities and transparently disclosing results.

Focused

Emphasizing productivity and avoiding spreading efforts too thin.

Integrity

Upholding oneself to consistently moral and ethical standards.

Henry Sy Sr.

Founder of the SM group, the richest man in the Philippines.

SM Group

A conglomerate with over 200 companies in the Philippines.

SM Investments Corp.

One of the most valuable companies in the Philippines.

SM Prime Holdings Inc.

One of the most valuable companies in the Philippines.

BDO Unibank

One of the most valuable companies in the Philippines.

Jose Sio

The new chair of the SM group.

Long-Term Vision

Setting a vision for the future and investing in e-commerce and digital platforms.

Think Big, Start Small, Move Fast

Staying ahead of competitors by being bold and agile.

Work Hard

The value of hard work and quick decision-making in family-led corporations.

Think Outside the Box

Finding better solutions beyond conventional theories.

Customer-Focused

Focusing on meeting customer needs and preferences.

Seek Market Leadership

Striving to be the market leader in a specific business.

Go Public

Going public to unlock the value of assets and raise capital for expansion opportunities.

Good Governance

Compliance with government requirements and paying taxes.

Business Rules

Establishing rules in business to guide behavior and conduct daily activities.

Organization

Setting guiding principles for employees and reflecting the corporate philosophy.

Management

Using rules to clarify situations and resolve conflicts.

Conflict Resolution

Using rules to make educated decisions and administer discipline.

Safety

Having rules in place to ensure employee and customer safety.

Decrease Errors

Setting rules to decrease errors and improve productivity.

Litigation

Protecting the business against potential litigation by following rules and documenting approaches.

Accounting

Conducting ethical accounting practices and avoiding fraudulent activities.

Social Media

Addressing ethical issues related to employee conduct on social media.

Harassment and Discrimination

Addressing racial discrimination, sexual harassment, and wage inequality.

Health and Safety

Addressing physical and psychosocial risks to ensure employee well-being.

Technology/Privacy

Balancing employee monitoring with privacy concerns.

Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines

The law providing regulations for corporations in the Philippines.

Incorporators

Individuals or entities involved in organizing a corporation.

Corporate Term

The duration of a corporation's existence.

Articles of Incorporation

Document containing essential information about a corporation.

Arbitration Agreement

A provision in the articles of incorporation for resolving disputes through arbitration.

Electronic Filing

Filing the articles of incorporation and amendments electronically.