Topic 3.3 - Taxation Without Representation

Revenue Act

English law enacted to enforce the collection of trade duties established by the Navigation Acts; colonial merchants had avoided the Navigation Acts for decades by bribing English customs officials.

1762

What year was the Revenue Act enacted?

Compromise of 1763

George III and Parliament gave colonial assemblies the right to raise an army, control education, religion, and land systems

Sugar Act

The British were deeply in debt because of the French & Indian War. English Parliament placed a tariff on sugar, coffee, wines, and molasses. colonists avoided the tax by smuggling and by bribing tax collectors.

1764

What year was the Sugar Act passed?

writs of assistance

legal document that enabled officers to search homes and warehouses for goods that might be smuggled

vice admiralty courts

A British court used to decide maritime disputes (maritime = relating to shipping or ocean travel); cases were decided by a a royally appointed judge, and not a jury.

No taxation without representation

reflected the colonists' belief that they should not be taxed because they had no direct representatives in Parliament

Stamp Act

British law that taxed printed goods, including playing cards, legal documents, newspapers.

virtual representation

The idea that all English subjects are represented by members of Parliament whether or not they are able to vote for them or not.

Quartering Act

Law that required the colonials to provide lodging in inns, livery stables, ale houses, victualing houses (tavern), and the houses of sellers of wine. If there wasn't enough room in the taverns, the colonies were forced to provide lodging in "uninhabited houses, out-houses, barns, or other buildings.

Stamp Act Congress

Group of colonists who protested the Stamp Act, saying that Parliament couldn't tax without colonist's consent

1765

What year was the Stamp Act passed?

Otis Warren, John Hancock, Paul Revere

Name 3 different famous "Sons of Liberty."

British merchants wanted the taxation to be limited because it was hurting the sale of British goods that colonists were willing to purchase.

What was attitude of British merchants toward colonial resistance?

1766

When was the Stamp Act repealed?

Declaratory Act

When Parliament repealed the Stamp Act in 1766, they immediately passed this law in response. Name the law.

Declaratory Act

Law that stated Parliament had authority over the the colonies and the right to tax and pass legislation "in all cases whatsoever."

Townshend Acts

A tax that the British Parliament placed on leads, glass, paint and tea.

Restraining Act

suspended the New York Assembly until it submitted to the Quartering Act. And it declared that New York's assembly and all other representative bodies were completely dependent on the will or Parliament.

Daughters of Liberty

This organization of women supported the boycott of British goods. They urged Americans to wear homemade fabrics and produce other goods that were previously available only from Britain. They believed that way, the American colonies would become economically independent.

homespuns

Yarn and cloth produced by American women which allowed colonies to escape dependence on British textile manufacturers and created an opportunity for women to make a unique contribution to the colonial resistance.

boycotts

Colonists refusing to buy English products until England meets the demands of the colonists.

Liberty

Ship owned by John Hancock that was involved in the smuggling of a lot of goods into the New England colonies.

Boston Massacre

British guards at the Boston Customs House opened fire on a crowd killing five Americans who were protesting British soldiers taking part time jobs when they were not on duty.

Crispus Attucks

The African-Native American man who was killed at the Boston Massacre.

Gaspee

British anti-smuggling ship that ran aground (stuck in a shallow area) off Rhode Island in 1772; the Sons of Liberty rowed out and set the ship on fire.

Sam Adams

He started the Committees of Correspondence.

Committees of Correspondence

A system of communication between patriot leaders in New England and eventually in other colonies; the group communicated ways to oppose the British taxation and oppression.

1773

What year was the Tea Act enacted?

1773

What year was the Boston Tea Party?

Tea Act

Law passed by the British that allowed the British East India Company to sell low-cost tea directly to the colonies for a price lower than smuggled Dutch tea. The law threatened to put colonial tea merchants out of business.

The Tea Act

What law led to the Boston Tea Party?

Coercive Acts

What is another name for the Intolerable Acts?

Intolerable Acts

What is another name for the Coercive Acts?

Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts)

Enacted by the British Parliament to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party.

Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts)

British laws that closed Boston Harbor to all trade / shipping, made British General Gage the governor of Massachusetts, and limited the power of Massachusetts assemblies.

Quebec Act

Law that gave French-Canadians (who had fought against the British in the French and Indian War land in the Ohio Country.

1st Contiental Congress

55 men attended to address the Coercive Acts and continued British oppression.

Galloway's Plan of Union

Two part plan proposed at the 1st Continental Congress; America would have a president general appointed by the king and a colonial legislative assembly whose members would be selected by the individual colonies. The plan failed in a vote by Continental Congress (by 1 vote) because it was seen as being too lenient.

1. America would have a president general appointed by the King of England
2. America would have a colonial legislative assembly whose members would be selected by the individual colonies.

What were the two parts to Galloway's Plan of Union?

Declaration of Rights and Grievances

Petition to the King stating that Britain had no right to tax the colonies and that the colonies would not import any British goods starting in Dec. 1774

patriots

Colonists who wanted independence from Britain.

loyalists

Colonists who supported the British.