WEEK 2 Content Chapter 1-2

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We are focused on Human Beingings in Epi so this is a human perspective

25 Terms

1

What are the 3 types of Prevention?

  • Primary

  • Seconddary

  • Tertiary

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2

What’s Primary prevention?

You don’t have Health Status and are just doing things to prevent it.

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3

What’s Secondary prevention?

You already have the Health status, you just don’t know & are checking(screening) for it.

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4

What’s Tertiary prevention?

You have the health status, you know & now you much make it manageable to prevent worsening symptoms.

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5

Why was Mr.Semmelweis important for prevention & early epi?

  • he discovered why more women were dying at doctor clinic vs. midwife clinic

  • it was because dr. weren’t cleaning their instruments/hands before helping with child birth

  • Mr.Semmelwies used Chorline to clean & deaths went down.

  • Drs didn’t like they it seemed if was their fault & didn’t clean their stuff.

  • Mr.Semmelwis wasn’t taken seriously & faded from the profession

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6

What is the chain of infection (6 steps)

Agents → Reservoir → Portal of exit → mode of transmission → Portal of entry → host.

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7

What’s an Agent? & Examples?

Disease causing organisms

  • virus

  • bacteria

  • fungi

  • protons

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8

What is the Reservoir? & examples?

Location where the agent normally lives, grows & multiple

  • Human

  • Animal

  • Environment (water, soil, objects & ext.)

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9

What is the Portal of exit? & Examples?

Place or location where agent leaves host to begin to spread to next host

  • eyes

  • nose

  • mouth

  • cut

  • Exc.

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10

What is the Mode of transmission? & Examples? (Direct VS. Indirect)

The types of ways of how the agent will spread (transport) its self.

  • Direct(person 2 person) & Indirect (Vehicle borne)

  • Droplet

  • Droplet nuclei (always indirect & airborne)

  • Airborne

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11

What is the Portal of Entry? & Examples?

Location where the agent get into the new host

  • eyes

  • nose

  • mouth

  • cut

  • Exc.

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12

What’s the host & Examples?

In Epi —> ppl

  • Person (just in epic & this class)

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13

Droplets VS. Droplet Nuclei?

Big molecules VS. Very small (airborne) go further in air.

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14

What are the ways Epi is used in daily life?

  • population & community surveillance

  • personal decisions

  • completing the clinical picture

  • search for the causes of dieases/condtions

  • help ppl understand the pattern of community health problems

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15

What is the Prevention Paradox?

is when the general population is more at risk even if the highest risk population to a disease is also at risk.

EX:

  • Students are much more at risk to illnesses than older people living at senior center even though the older people would likely get much sicker if they got sick.

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16

Why do we focus on a population approach?

easier to get everyone to do it & less invasive.

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17

What was Dr.Hendersons’s cotribution to smallpox?

  • led the efforts to eradicate small box, it’s the only ideas we’ve been successful at eradicating because it’s the only human only mammal pox we have.

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18

Why is smallpox the only successfully eradicated disease?

  • easy to identify

  • humans are the only mammals that can get smallpox

  • we have a vaccine

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19

What were Mr.Jenner’s contributions to smallpox?

  • took a boy to experiment on for smallpox

  • let him get cowpox & let him go.

  • boy got sick but then after being exposed for a 2nd time the boy didn’t get sick.

  • (VERY UNETHICAL OF MR.JENNER…shame on him)

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20

What were Mr.Snow’s contributions to Cholera?

  • discovered is was a waterborne disease even though people thought it poisoned the air.

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21

What is the gatekeeper in PH?

the person you will have to work with in order to get the community’s trust/response to you, so that you can help.

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22

What are the stages of infectious diseases (AKA Spectrum of Disease Progression?)?

Exposure → Colonization → infection → Disease

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23

What is Exposure in the Spectrum of Disease Progression?

the time in which you meet with the agent

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24

What is Colonization in the Spectrum of Disease Progression?

the agent has stayed with you however, no symptoms or damage have occurred.

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25

What is Infection in the Spectrum of Disease Progression?

when the agent effects immune system, causes damage & leaves a trace in the body (via blood work/antibodies) but this doesn’t mean that you will develop observable symptoms

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