Transforming the Economy: Industrial and Market Revolutions

Division of Labor

Specialized tasks increase efficiency in production.

Factory System

Centralized production under one roof for output.

Outwork System

Merchants divided labor into specialized tasks.

Porkopolis

Cincinnati's meatpacking innovation producing 60 hogs/hour.

Textile Industry

U.S. competed with Britain in textile production.

Water-Powered Mills

Mechanized textile production, reducing costs significantly.

Spinning Jennies

Innovative machines that mechanized textile production.

Eli Whitney

Inventor of interchangeable parts for firearms.

Interchangeable Parts

Standardized components revolutionizing manufacturing processes.

Cyrus McCormick

Inventor of the mechanical reaper for farming.

Mechanical Reaper

Increased agricultural efficiency in harvesting crops.

Wage Labor

Replaced artisanal independence due to industrialization.

Labor Movement

Advocated for workers' rights and better conditions.

10-Hour Workdays

Early labor movement demand for reduced working hours.

Transportation Revolution

Innovations connecting regional markets through infrastructure.

Erie Canal

Linked NYC with Midwest, boosting economic growth.

Urbanization

Expansion of cities due to industrial hubs.

Business Elite

Wealthy factory owners and bankers living luxuriously.

Middle Class

Embraced ideals of responsibility and social mobility.

Benevolent Empire

Middle-class reformers addressing social issues.

Temperance Movement

Promoted abstinence from alcohol as a reform.

Second Great Awakening

Religious revival inspiring moral and social reforms.

Nativist Hostility

Opposition faced by immigrants, especially Catholics.