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Vision
the ability to see
audition
the sense or act of hearing
gustation
sense of taste
cones
color
rods
retinal receptors that detect black, white and gray
fovea
the central focal point in the retina, around which the eye’s cones cluster
cochlea
a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses
retinal disparity
a binoculars cue for perceiving depth by comparing images from the retinas in the 2 eyes, the brain computes distance—the greater the disparity (difference) between the 2 images, the closer the object.
bottom-up processing
the analysis of the smaller features to build up to a complete perception.
top-down processing
using past knowledge to create or organize
place theory
in hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea’s membrane is stimulated
frequency theory
in hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch
volley theory
the view that some sounds are coded by matching the frequency of neural firing
prospagnosia
inability to recognize faces
What is perception?
The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information.
What is sensory adaptation?
Reduced sensitivity to a stimulus after prolonged exposure to it.
What is the difference threshold?
The smallest change in a stimulus that can be detected 50% of the time.
What are photoreceptors?
Cells in the retina that respond to light.
What is the visual cliff?
A laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals.
What is depth perception?
The ability to perceive the distance of objects.
What is form perception?
The recognition of shapes and objects in our visual field.
What is selective attention?
The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus.
What is signal detection theory?
A theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus amid background stimulation.
What is the Stroop effect?
A demonstration of interference in the reaction time of a task.
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