Lecture 3 - Prelecture!

Anatomy

The biological Form of an organism

Physiology

The study of biological functions an organism performs

• Shows form and function are closely related

Why Animals are limited in size

• Skeletons and muscles must carry more mass proportionally

• Physical laws govern strength, diffusion (SA:V), movement, and heat exchange

Example of convergent evolution in animals in water

The smooth bodies of all aquatic animals shows that water selects for those with the least drag, being able to:

• catch the most prey the quickest

• get away from prey the quickest

Digestive System Main Components

Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Intestines, Anus, [Pancreas, Liver]

Digestive System function

Food processing

• ingestion

• digestion

• absorption

• elimination

Circulatory System Main Components

Heart, Blood vessels [veins, arteries, capillaries], blood

Circulatory System functions

Internal Distribution of Materials

• Ex: Oxygen! Hormones!

Respiratory System Components

Lungs, Trachea, Breathing Tubes

Respiratory System Functions

Gas exchange

• O2 uptake

• CO2 disposal

Immune and Lymphatic system components

Bone marrow, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, white blood cells, CELLS AT WORK!

Immune and Lymphatic system Functions

Body Defense

• Fighting infections and cancer

Excretory System Components

Kidneys, Ureters, Urinary Bladder, Urethra

Excretory System Functions

Disposal of metabolic wastes; regulation of osmotic balance and Blood

Endocrine system Components

Pituitary, Thyroid, Pancreas, Adrenal, hormone-secreting glands >:)

Endocrine System functions

Coordination of Body Activities

• Digestion

• Metabolism

Reproductive System Components

Ovaries, testes, associated sex organs

Reproductive System Function

REPRODUCTION. THAT IS IT.

Nervous System Components

Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves, Sensory organs

Nervous System Functions

Coordination of Body activities:

• detection of stimuli

• formation of response to stimuli

Integumentary System Components

Skin, hair, claws, skin glands

Integumentary System Functions

Protection against Mechanical Injury, as well as:

• dehydration

• Infection

• Thermoregulation

Skeletal System Components

Skeleton!
- bones, tendons, ligaments, cartillage

Skeletal System Functions

Body Support, Protection of Internal Organs (ex: Rib Cage), Movement

Muscular System Components + Function

Skeletal Muscles for Locomotion/Other movement

Function of Muscle Tissue (General)

• Body Movement through contractile protein filaments (contractions)

3 Types of Muscle Tissue + Movements they Control

1. Skeletal Muscle - voluntary

2. Cardiac Muscle - involuntary

3. Smooth Muscle - involuntary

The # of Nuclei in each type of Muscle Tissue

1. Skeletal - multinucleated

2. Cardiac - multinucleated

3. Smooth - one nucleus (boring) [also the only one not striated]

Nervous Tissue Function

• Receives, processes, and transmit information throughout the body

• Uses nerve cells and Glial Cells

Nerve Cell Function

Transmit nerve impulses, sensations

Glial Cell Function

Protect, Nourish, and Insulate Neurons (supportive cells)

6 Types of Connective Tissue

1. Loose

2. Fibrous

3. Bone

4. Adipose

5. Blood

6. Cartilage

Loose Connective Tissue connections

Skin-body, organ position

• loose weave of fibres and cells

Fibrous connective tissue connections

Muscle-bone or Bone-Bone

Bone connective tissue connections

Cells deposit minerals

• calcium → hard