what's def on the test

Descriptive Epidemiology

Focuses on the who, where, and when of health-related events.

Analytic Epidemiology

Focuses on the how and why, often investigating causes of health issues.

Endemic

A disease or condition regularly found and consistently present in a particular geographic area.

Epidemic

An outbreak of a disease that occurs in a community or region at a higher than expected rate.

Pandemic

An epidemic that has spread over multiple countries or continents, affecting a large number of people.

Sampling Frame

The group of people from which a sample is drawn, serving as a set of units for sampling.

Convenience Sampling

A non-random sampling method where participants are selected based on ease of access.

Stratified Random Sampling

Dividing the population into groups and randomly sampling from those groups to ensure representation.

Nominal Scale

A measurement scale used for categorical data with no intrinsic ordering.

Ordinal Scale

A measurement scale for categorical data that can be ordered.

Ratio Scale

A continuous data scale with a true zero point, such as weight or height.

Incidence

The number of new cases of a disease in a specified time period.

Prevalence

The total number of existing cases of a disease at a specific point in time.

Big Data

Large and complex sets of data that can be analyzed for insights.

Notifiable Diseases

Diseases that are required by law to be reported to government authorities.

Null Hypothesis

The hypothesis that suggests no association or effect between two variables.

Central Tendency

A statistical measure that identifies a single score as representative of an entire distribution, including mean, median, and mode.

Miasma Theory

An outdated theory that diseases were caused by 'bad air' or miasmas.

Epidemiologic Triangle

A model to explain the interaction of host, agent, and environment in disease causation.

Bivariate Association

The relationship between two variables, which can exhibit direct, inverse, or no association.

Dose Response Curve

A graph showing the relationship between the dose of an exposure and the magnitude of response.

Case Report

A detailed report of a single individual's medical case.

Case Series

A collection of reports on the clinical characteristics of a group of patients.