Biology flash cards

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11 Terms

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Hydroxyl group

A functional group consisting of an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (-OH).

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Carbon

A chemical element with the symbol C; it has the ability to form four bonds and is fundamental to organic chemistry.

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Hydrogen bond

A weak bond between two molecules, often involving a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom.

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Dilution factor

A ratio that describes how much a substance has been diluted, typically expressed as the original concentration divided by the final concentration.

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Hypotonic

A solution that has a lower concentration of solutes compared to another solution, causing cells to swell.

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Hypertonic

A solution that has a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution, causing cells to shrink.

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Isotonic

A solution that has the same concentration of solutes as another solution, leading to no net movement of water.

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Amino acids

Basic building blocks of proteins, typically consisting of an amino group, carboxyl group, and a variable R group.

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Nucleotides

Organic molecules that serve as the basic building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, containing a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

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Monosaccharide

The simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of a single sugar unit, such as glucose.

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Carbohydrates

Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, typically in a ratio of 1:2:1.