Ap Psych unit 0

Mean

the arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores

Scatterplot

a graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables

independent variable

The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.

Replication

repeating the essence of a research study

survey

the collection of data by having people answer a series of questions

naturalistic observation

observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation

illusory correlation

the perception of a relationship where none exists

correlational research

research that seeks to identify whether an association or relationship between two factors exists

statistical significance

a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance

correlation coefficient

a statistical index of the relationship between two things (from -1 to +1)

Debriefing

the post-experimental explanation of a study, including its purpose and any deceptions, to its participants

placebo effect

the phenomenon in which the expectations of the participants in a study can influence their behavior

hindsight bias (I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon)

the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it

qualitative data

descriptive data drawn from non statistical sources, including participant observation, personal stories, interviews, and life histories

Overconfidence

the tendency to be more confident than correct—to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments.