Cell Structures & Organelles

The number in the parentheses are the number of points/dashes in the definition

Ribosomes

\-Looks like a small hamburger bun

\-Located free in the cytoplasm, mitochondria, chloroplasts, nucleolus, or attached to the ER

\-Made up of RNA and protein

\-Makes proteins according to instructions from the nucleus written in mRNA

ALL

Golgi Apparatus/Body

-Stack of flattened sacs (sacs are not connected)
-Looks like a pile of pita bread
-Located in cytoplasm near the nucleus
-Molecular warehouse and processing station for products made by the ER
-Modifies, ships, and sorts cell products

Animal & Plant

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

-Sheets of bumpy membrane, has ribosomes on the surface of the membrane
-Located in cytoplasm near the nucleus
-Made of flattened sacs and tubules
-Produces proteins such as insulin

Animal & Plant

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

-Smooth tubes
-Located in cytoplasm near nucleus
-Made of flattened sacs and tubules
-Synthesizes lipids or steroid sex hormones
-Helps process potentially harmful substances
-Stores calcium ions

Animal & Plant

Small Vacuoles

-Water balloons or jellybeans
-Cytoplasm
-Collects and expels water

Animal

Central Vacuole

-Stores water and a variety of chemicals
-Collects and expels water
-Can have a digestive function
-Can contain poison
-Can contain pigments that attract insects

Plant

Cell Membrane

-Made of phospholipids and proteins
-Regulates the transportation of material into and out of the cell

ALL

Cytoplasm/Cytosol

-Thick, jelly-like fluid
-Fills the inside of cells

ALL

Enzymes in the Cell Membrane

-Generates energy

ALL

Enzymes in the Cytoplasm

-Speeds up chemical reactions

ALL

Cell Wall (3)

-Rigid, chemically complex
-Protects the cell and helps maintain its shape
-When in plants, contains polysaccharide cellulose (prokaryotic cells don’t)

Plant & Prokaryote

Flagella

-Long, whip-like
-Helps in cell mobility

Prokaryote & Some animals

Cilia

\-Short hair-like fibers
\-Helps in cell mobility

Prokaryote & Some animals

Chromosome(s)

-Carries genes made of DNA
-Located in the nucleus
-Proteins help coil the DNA molecules
-Allows DNA to be accurately copied during cell divisions
-Carries DNA and transfers genetic information

ALL

Vesicles

-Sacs made of membrane
-Transfers material

Plant & Animal

Nucleus

-Center of the cell
-Contains the cell's genetic instructions encoded in DNA
-Controls cell's activities by directing protein synthesis

Plant & Animal

Nucleolus

-Located in the nucleus
-Synthesizes ribosomal RNA

Plant & Animal

Mitochondria

-Carries out cellular respiration
-Sugar-->ATP
-Enclosed by two membranes; phospholipid bilayer with a unique collection of embedded proteins

Plant & Animal

Cytoskeleton

-Composed of different types of protein fibers that extend throughout the cell
-Provides for support and movement
-Made of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments

Plant & Animal

Centrioles

-Helps with cell division for microtubules
-Located near nucleus

Animal

Chloroplast

-Photosynthesis

Plant

Lysosomes

\-Membrane enclosed sac of digestive enzymes
\-It's enzymes and membrane are made by the rough ER and processed in the golgi apparatus
\-Fuses with food vacuoles to digest food
\-Recycles damaged organelles

Animal