Ribosomes
-Looks like a small hamburger bun
-Located free in the cytoplasm, mitochondria, chloroplasts, nucleolus, or attached to the ER
-Made up of RNA and protein
-Makes proteins according to instructions from the nucleus written in mRNA
ALL
Golgi Apparatus/Body
-Stack of flattened sacs (sacs are not connected) -Looks like a pile of pita bread -Located in cytoplasm near the nucleus -Molecular warehouse and processing station for products made by the ER -Modifies, ships, and sorts cell products
Animal & Plant
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
-Sheets of bumpy membrane, has ribosomes on the surface of the membrane -Located in cytoplasm near the nucleus -Made of flattened sacs and tubules -Produces proteins such as insulin
Animal & Plant
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
-Smooth tubes -Located in cytoplasm near nucleus -Made of flattened sacs and tubules -Synthesizes lipids or steroid sex hormones -Helps process potentially harmful substances -Stores calcium ions
Animal & Plant
Small Vacuoles
-Water balloons or jellybeans -Cytoplasm -Collects and expels water
Animal
Central Vacuole
-Stores water and a variety of chemicals -Collects and expels water -Can have a digestive function -Can contain poison -Can contain pigments that attract insects
Plant
Cell Membrane
-Made of phospholipids and proteins -Regulates the transportation of material into and out of the cell
ALL
Cytoplasm/Cytosol
-Thick, jelly-like fluid -Fills the inside of cells
ALL
Enzymes in the Cell Membrane
-Generates energy
ALL
Enzymes in the Cytoplasm
-Speeds up chemical reactions
ALL
Cell Wall (3)
-Rigid, chemically complex -Protects the cell and helps maintain its shape -When in plants, contains polysaccharide cellulose (prokaryotic cells don’t)
Plant & Prokaryote
Flagella
-Long, whip-like -Helps in cell mobility
Prokaryote & Some animals
Cilia
-Short hair-like fibers -Helps in cell mobility
Prokaryote & Some animals
Chromosome(s)
-Carries genes made of DNA -Located in the nucleus -Proteins help coil the DNA molecules -Allows DNA to be accurately copied during cell divisions -Carries DNA and transfers genetic information
ALL
Vesicles
-Sacs made of membrane -Transfers material
Plant & Animal
Nucleus
-Center of the cell -Contains the cell's genetic instructions encoded in DNA -Controls cell's activities by directing protein synthesis
Plant & Animal
Nucleolus
-Located in the nucleus -Synthesizes ribosomal RNA
Plant & Animal
Mitochondria
-Carries out cellular respiration -Sugar-->ATP -Enclosed by two membranes; phospholipid bilayer with a unique collection of embedded proteins
Plant & Animal
Cytoskeleton
-Composed of different types of protein fibers that extend throughout the cell -Provides for support and movement -Made of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
Plant & Animal
Centrioles
-Helps with cell division for microtubules -Located near nucleus
Animal
Chloroplast
-Photosynthesis
Plant
Lysosomes
-Membrane enclosed sac of digestive enzymes -It's enzymes and membrane are made by the rough ER and processed in the golgi apparatus -Fuses with food vacuoles to digest food -Recycles damaged organelles
Animal