Lyme Disease and Tick-Borne Illnesses - Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from Lyme disease, RMSF, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, Bartonella henselae, Varicella zoster, and cellulitis as presented in the lecture notes.

A 35-year-old woman presents to the clinic with an expanding red rash on her left thigh, which she first noticed about a week ago. She recalls a recent hiking trip and thinks she might have had a tick bite, but didn't see a tick. The rash has a lighter center, giving it a bullseye appearance. She denies fever, chills, or joint pain.

Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Cellulitis
B. Erythema migrans
C. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) rash
D. Herpes zoster

Erythema migrans: Initial localized Lyme lesion; expanding red macule/papule that forms a bullseye with central clearing.

A 48-year-old man presents with a 3-day history of high fever, severe headache, and myalgias. Today, he developed a maculopapular rash that started on his wrists and ankles and has since spread to his palms and soles. He recently returned from a camping trip in rural Tennessee. Initial blood work shows thrombocytopenia and hyponatremia.

Which of the following is the most appropriate initial treatment?
A. Amoxicillin
B. Azithromycin
C. Doxycycline
D. Ceftriaxone

Doxycycline: First-line treatment for RMSF in adults and children; typically 5–7 days and continued until fever resolves.

A 62-year-old male from upstate New York presents to the emergency department with a 5-day history of fever, chills, severe headache, and malaise. He denies any rash. Blood tests reveal leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Peripheral blood smear shows morulae within neutrophils.

What is the most appropriate first-line treatment for this patient?
A. Vancomycin
B. Cefuroxime
C. Doxycycline
D. Rifampin

Doxycycline 100 mg q12h: Standard treatment dosage for Anaplasmosis and Ehrlichiosis; duration 10–14 days for anaplasmosis.

A 35-year-old woman presents to the clinic with an expanding red rash on her left thigh, which she first noticed about a week ago. She recalls a recent hiking trip and thinks she might have had a tick bite, but didn't see a tick. The rash has a lighter center, giving it a bullseye appearance. She denies fever, chills, or joint pain.

Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A. Cellulitis

B. Erythema migrans

C. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) rash

D. Herpes zoster

Erythema migrans: Initial localized Lyme lesion; expanding red macule/papule that forms a bullseye with central clearing.

A 48-year-old man presents with a 3-day history of high fever, severe headache, and myalgias. Today, he developed a maculopapular rash that started on his wrists and ankles and has since spread to his palms and soles. He recently returned from a camping trip in rural Tennessee. Initial blood work shows thrombocytopenia and hyponatremia.

Which of the following is the most appropriate initial treatment?

A. Amoxicillin

B. Azithromycin

C. Doxycycline

D. Ceftriaxone

Doxycycline: First-line treatment for RMSF in adults and children; typically 5–7 days and continued until fever resolves.

A 62-year-old male from upstate New York presents to the emergency department with a 5-day history of fever, chills, severe headache, and malaise. He denies any rash. Blood tests reveal leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Peripheral blood smear shows morulae within neutrophils.

What is the most appropriate first-line treatment for this patient?

A. Vancomycin

B. Cefuroxime

C. Doxycycline

D. Rifampin

Doxycycline 100 mg q12h: Standard treatment dosage for Anaplasmosis and Ehrlichiosis; duration 10–14 days for anaplasmosis.

A 70-year-old female presents with sudden onset of severe, tearing chest pain radiating to her back. Her blood pressure is significantly elevated in her right arm (180/100 mmHg) compared to her left arm (140/80 mmHg). She has a history of poorly controlled hypertension.

Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A. Myocardial Infarction

B. Pulmonary Embolism

C. Aortic Dissection

D. Esophageal Spasm

Aortic Dissection: Characterized by sudden, severe, tearing chest pain radiating to the back, often associated with a pulse or blood pressure differential between limbs.

A 25-year-old male presents with a persistent cough productive of rust-colored sputum, fever of 102^ ext{o} ext{F}, and pleuritic chest pain for 2 days. On physical exam, crackles are heard over the right lower lung field. Chest X-ray shows consolidation in the right lower lobe.

Which of the following is the most likely causative organism?

A. Mycoplasma pneumoniae

B. Chlamydophila pneumoniae

C. Streptococcus pneumoniae

D. Legionella pneumophila

Streptococcus pneumoniae: The most common bacterial cause of Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP), often presenting with abrupt onset of fever, productive cough (sometimes rust-colored sputum), and lobar consolidation on X-ray.

A 55-year-old female with a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia presents with sudden drooping of the left side of her face, slurred speech, and weakness in her left arm and leg. Symptoms started about 2 hours ago. She has no headache or history of seizures.

Which of the following is the most appropriate immediate diagnostic study?

A. Lumbar puncture

B. CT scan of the head without contrast

C. MRI of the brain

D. Electroencephalogram (EEG)

CT scan of the

A 35-year-old woman presents to the clinic with an expanding red rash on her left thigh, which she first noticed about a week ago. She recalls a recent hiking trip and thinks she might have had a tick bite, but didn't see a tick. The rash has a lighter center, giving it a bullseye appearance. She denies fever, chills, or joint pain.

Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A. Cellulitis

B. Erythema migrans

C. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) rash

D. Herpes zoster

Erythema migrans: Initial localized Lyme lesion; expanding red macule/papule that forms a bullseye with central clearing.

A 48-year-old man presents with a 3-day history of high fever, severe headache, and myalgias. Today, he developed a maculopapular rash that started on his wrists and ankles and has since spread to his palms and soles. He recently returned from a camping trip in rural Tennessee. Initial blood work shows thrombocytopenia and hyponatremia.

Which of the following is the most appropriate initial treatment?

A. Amoxicillin

B. Azithromycin

C. Doxycycline

D. Ceftriaxone

Doxycycline: First-line treatment for RMSF in adults and children; typically 5–7 days and continued until fever resolves.

A 62-year-old male from upstate New York presents to the emergency department with a 5-day history of fever, chills, severe headache, and malaise. He denies any rash. Blood tests reveal leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Peripheral blood smear shows morulae within neutrophils.

What is the most appropriate first-line treatment for this patient?

A. Vancomycin

B. Cefuroxime

C. Doxycycline

D. Rifampin

Doxycycline 100 mg q12h: Standard treatment dosage for Anaplasmosis and Ehrlichiosis; duration 10–14 days for anaplasmosis.

A 70-year-old female presents with sudden onset of severe, tearing chest pain radiating to her back. Her blood pressure is significantly elevated in her right arm (180/100 mmHg) compared to her left arm (140/80 mmHg). She has a history of poorly controlled hypertension.

Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A. Myocardial Infarction

B. Pulmonary Embolism

C. Aortic Dissection

D. Esophageal Spasm

Aortic Dissection: Characterized by sudden, severe, tearing chest pain radiating to the back, often associated with a pulse or blood pressure differential between limbs.

A 25-year-old male presents with a persistent cough productive of rust-colored sputum, fever of 102^{\circ}\text{F}, and pleuritic chest pain for 2 days. On physical exam, crackles are heard over the right lower lung field. Chest X-ray shows consolidation in the right lower lobe.

Which of the following is the most likely causative organism?

A. Mycoplasma pneumoniae

B. Chlamydophila pneumoniae

C. Streptococcus pneumoniae

D. Legionella pneumophila

Streptococcus pneumoniae: The most common bacterial cause of Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP), often presenting with abrupt onset of fever, productive cough (sometimes rust-colored sputum), and lobar consolidation on X-ray.

A 55-year-old female with a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia presents with sudden drooping of the left side of her face, slurred speech, and weakness in her left arm and leg. Symptoms started about 2 hours ago. She has no headache or history of seizures.

Which of the following is the most appropriate immediate diagnostic study?

A. Lumbar puncture

B. CT scan of the head without contrast

C. MRI of the brain

D. Electroencephalogram (EEG)

CT scan of the head without contrast: Essential immediate diagnostic study to differentiate ischemic stroke from hemorrhagic stroke, guiding acute management (e.g., thrombolysis contraindication in hemorrhage).

A 45-year-old female presents with fatigue, cold intolerance, weight gain despite reduced appetite, and constipation. Her skin is dry, and she has bradycardia. Thyroid function tests are ordered.

Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A. Hyperthyroidism

B. Hypothyroidism

C. Adrenal insufficiency

D. Diabetes mellitus type 2

Hypothyroidism: Characterized by symptoms of slowed metabolism such as fatigue, cold intolerance, weight gain, constipation, dry skin, and bradycardia, due to insufficient thyroid hormone production.

A 30-year-old male presents with recurrent episodes of severe, colicky right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain, typically occurring after fatty meals. He also reports nausea and occasional vomiting. Physical exam reveals RUQ tenderness.

What is the most likely diagnosis?

A. Gastritis

B. Pancreatitis

C. Cholelithiasis

D. Appendicitis

Cholelithiasis: Presence of gallstones, often presenting with episodic RUQ pain (biliary colic), especially after fatty meals, due to gallbladder contractions against an obstructed cystic duct.

A 68-year-old man with a 40-pack-year smoking history presents with chronic cough, exertional dyspnea, and wheezing. His symptoms have been worsening over the last few years. Spirometry shows an FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 0.7.

Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A. Asthma

B. Congestive heart failure

C. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

D. Interstitial lung disease

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A progressive lung disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation, primarily caused by smoking, leading to symptoms like chronic cough, dyspnea, and wheezing, with obstructive spirometry findings.

A 58-year-old woman experiences sudden, brief, involuntary muscle jerks in her right arm. She remains fully conscious during these episodes, which last only a few seconds. An EEG is recommended.

This presentation is most consistent with which type of seizure?

A. Absence seizure

B. Tonic-clonic seizure

C. Myoclonic seizure

D. Atonic seizure

Myoclonic seizure: Characterized by sudden, brief, shock-like jerks or twitches of a muscle or group of muscles. Consciousness is usually preserved.

A 28-year-old factory worker presents with a pruritic, erythematous rash with well-demarcated borders and central clearing on his torso. He works in a hot, humid environment and sweats a lot. A fungal infection is suspected.

The most likely type of rash is:

A. Psoriasis

B. Eczema

C. Tinea corporis

D. Urticaria

Tinea corporis: A superficial fungal infection (ringworm) of the body, characterized by an annular (ring-shaped) lesion with an erythematous, scaly, elevated border and central clearing.