Horticulture Vocab

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Last updated 12:44 PM on 12/21/22
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118 Terms

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potable
drinkable
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fresh water
little to no salt
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tide water
flows through the mouth of ocean tides
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food chain
sequence of living things eat and being eaten
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water cycle
cycling of water between water sources, atmosphere and surface areas
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irrigation
addition of water to natural water
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watershed
land area that absorbs water and then drains in the spring
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water table
water soak down in the soil
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free water
water that drains out after soil is wetted
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gravitational water
free water that drains into wells and springs
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capillary water
water remaining in soil being taken by roots
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hydroscopic water
water held to tight to be absorbed
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no-till
planting crop without plowing
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contour
level land around a hill
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erosion
wearing away soil
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aquifer
water bearing rock formation
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sheet erosion
layers of soil being removed by the land
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mulch
material used to catch raindrops and prevent weed growth
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conservation tillage
disturbing the soil as little as possible
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contour farming
farming around or on top hill
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strip cropping
alternating row crops w/ strips of close growing crops
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crop rotation
different crops every few years in the same soil
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lime
reduces acid content in soil
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fertilizer
any material that supplies nutrient to the plant
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grass waterway
strip of grass where water flows
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terrace
soil/ wall structure built across a slope to capture water and prevent erosion
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medium
material environment which a organism lives
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hydroponics
growing plants w/o soil
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compost
mixture of partially decayed organic matter
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sphagnum
pale/ashy moss; medium for root growth
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peat moss
partially decomposed mosses found in bogs
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perlite
natural volcanic glass; water holding
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vermiculite
mineral matter from mica-type groups; start seeds/cuttings
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horizon
layer
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soil profile
cross sectional view of soil
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residual soil
parent materials formed in place
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alluvial soil
transported by streams
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colluvial soil
left by gravity
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percolation
water soaked/moving in soil
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capability class
broadest classification on soil maps
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O “horizon”
surface; small mineral %; large organic %
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A “horizon”
near surface; mineral and organic
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clay
fine material particles
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silt
medium sized mineral particle
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sand
larger sized particles
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topsoil
A Horizon
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B horizon
below A; =’s the subsoil
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subsoil
=’s B; particle sizes and properties differ
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C Horizon
below B; stores and release water; not many nutrients; gravel/large rocks
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bedrock
below C
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loam
Medium texture; even mixture of sand silt and clay
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soil structure
soil clustered together; soil units call Aggregates
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decomposer
organism that breaks down another once living organism
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soil amendment
addition/change; EX- add organic matter, change pH
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pH
Measure of acidity/Alkalinity
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acidity
sourness
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Alkalinity
sweetness
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neutral
neither acidic or alkaline
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fertilizer grade
proportions of nitrogen, Phosphorous and potassium; expressed by %’s
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active ingredient
achieve 1 or more purposes
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starter solution
diluted mixtures of fertilizer; plants transplanted
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nitrate
form of nitrogen caused by plants
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nitrogen fixation
converting nitrogen gas to nitrates by bacteria
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aeroponics
roots hang in the air; misted with nutrient spray
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seasonal
certain season
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clod
lump or mass of soil
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furrow
sunken walkways; deliver irrigation; runoff rain
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climate
weather of specific region
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Annual
one growing season
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Biennial
two growing seasons
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perennial
lives year to year
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cultivation
preparing/working the soil
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herbicide
weed controlling chemicals
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cold frame
bottomless wooden box w/sloping glass or clear plastic top
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hot bed
cold frame w/ a heat source
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olericulture
segment of horticulture about production of vegetables
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market gardening
growing a verity of plants for local markets
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truck cropping
large scaklke productions of few vegetables for wholesale markets
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olericulturist
develops pest-resistance strains and new varieties of vegetables
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angiosperm
seeds in closed ovaries
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monocotyledon
single leaf
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dicotyledon
two leaves
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aeration
movement of air through soil
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green manure
active crop turned over to help build soil
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transplant
plants grown from seeds in a special environment
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arid
dry
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semi arid
rather dry
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pre-cooling
rapid removal of heat before storage or shipment
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hydro cooling
using cold water to cool down fresh produce after harvesting
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pomologist
fruit grower/ scientist
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semidwarf
tree / root stock w/ limited growth; 15 or less
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dwarf
smaller trees
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pome
fleshy fruit; seed chambers/outer fleshy part; EX-pple, pear
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drupe
fleshy w/ thin skin; central seed; plum, cherry
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nursery
young trees shrubs and other plants are grown
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terminal
growing at the end of a branch or stem
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cane
mature wood that produces fruit and lost leaves; new shoots/ fruit growth from it
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floriculture
production/ distribution of cut flowers, potted plants, etc
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succulent
which fleshy leaves/stems; stores moisture
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variegated
streaks, marks patches of color