AACC AFRICA FLASHCARDS

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52 Terms

1
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What was the primary reason for the need for slavery in Africa?

Cheap labor.

2
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Why did Europeans turn to Africa for slaves?

Shortage of labor.

3
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What does the Atlantic slave trade refer to?

Transportation of slaves to America.

4
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How can the middle passage be described?

The journey across the sea that Africans had to endure.

5
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What is abolition?

Movement to end slavery.

6
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Who were some leaders of the abolition movement?

Former enslaved individuals, women, and religious organizations.

7
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What effect did slavery have on native populations?

It significantly decreased their numbers.

8
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What is the African Diaspora?

The spread of Africans across the world due to the slave trade.

9
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What cultural influences came from the African Diaspora?

Spread of African music and traditions.

10
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What economic reason did Europe have for its interests in Africa?

Africa was rich in valuable resources.

11
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What was a political reason for European interests in Africa?

Gaining land would allow them to control more territory.

12
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What was a religious motivation behind European imperialism in Africa?

Spreading Christianity and ‘civilizing’ Africa.

13
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What advantages did Europeans have over native Africans?

Weapons, technology, and military organization.

14
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What does the phrase 'scramble for Africa' refer to?

The rush of European powers to colonize Africa.

15
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What was the Balance of Power Crisis?

A crisis where European nations could not decide on territorial claims.

16
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How was the Balance of Power Crisis resolved?

At the Berlin Conference.

17
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How did King Leopold exploit the Congo Free State?

He misled people about his intentions and committed atrocities.

18
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How was Ethiopia's resistance to colonization different from Algeria and West Africa?

Ethiopia resisted military colonization and remained independent.

19
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What conflict occurred between the Dutch and the British in Africa?

The Boer Conflict.

20
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What is African Nationalism?

The desire for self-rule among African nations.

21
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What are the two main objectives of Pan-Africanism?

To unite Africans and gain independence.

22
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In what forms was nationalism expressed in Africa?

Protests, political movements, poetry, and songs celebrating African culture.

23
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Why was the promotion of African culture important?

It fostered appreciation and pride for African heritage.

24
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Why did the end of World War II empower the African Independence movement?

Europe was weakened economically, creating an opportunity for independence.

25
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Name three African countries that gained independence peacefully.

Ghana, Libya, and Tunisia.

26
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What is a revolution in the context of African independence?

Armed resistance against colonial powers.

27
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Which African countries gained independence through revolutions?

Algeria and Kenya.

28
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What is a civil war?

Internal conflict within a country.

29
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Give an example of an African country that experienced civil war.

The Congo.

30
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What is One-Party Rule?

A political system with only one political party.

31
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Why did some African nations adopt military rule?

To provide defense and counter corruption.

32
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What does 'subsistence' mean in farming?

Producing enough food only for oneself and family.

33
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Why is Africa's economic recovery considered fragile?

Dependence on aid from foreign nations.

34
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Why does Africa struggle to repay debt to foreign nations?

Insufficient resources leading to reliance on borrowing.

35
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What is genocide?

Deliberate killing of a large number of people from a specific ethnic group.

36
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What are the four components of genocide?

Purposefulness, hate propaganda, generalization, and view of groups as 'other'.

37
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What led to the civil war in Somalia?

Manipulation of clans by General Barre.

38
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What role did the U.S. initially play in Somalia?

To provide humanitarian aid.

39
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What was 'Operation Restore Hope'?

The U.S. mission in Somalia to capture a warlord.

40
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Which European power controlled Rwanda before independence?

Belgium.

41
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How did Belgian colonization create divisions between Hutus and Tutsis?

Belgians favored Tutsis over Hutus, leading to oppression.

42
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What triggered the Rwandan genocide?

The death of the Hutu president in a plane crash.

43
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Who were the Interhamwe?

Hutu extremists responsible for the Tutsi killings.

44
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Why didn't international powers intervene in the Rwandan conflict?

Fear of repeating the mistakes in Somalia.

45
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How long did the Rwandan genocide last and what was the death toll?

About 100 days, with around 1 million deaths.

46
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What was the policy of Apartheid?

Forced segregation in South Africa.

47
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Name three Apartheid policies.

  1. 'Non-whites' could not vote. 2. Living area restrictions. 3. Creation of infertile 'homelands' for ethnic tribes.

48
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What were 'Passbooks' and why were they disliked?

Documents limiting where people could live and work, causing family separations.

49
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What was the Sharpeville Massacre?

Police opening fire on peaceful protesters, killing over 60.

50
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What role did women and students play in the resistance?

They led significant protests that attracted media attention.

51
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How did the UN and other nations pressure South Africa to end Apartheid?

Through sanctions, sports bans, and boycotts.

52
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Who is Nelson Mandela and when did he become president?

An anti-Apartheid leader and the first black president of South Africa in 1994.