Diffraction

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How do you find the derivative of the diffraction grating equation, dsin0=nL? (L is lander)

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1

How do you find the derivative of the diffraction grating equation, dsin0=nL? (L is lander)

1- recognise that the red triangle demonstrates the phase difference, nL

2- Recognise that the two triangle are similar, therefore theta is apart of both of them

3- use Sin0=O/H to find Sin0=nL/d

4- Rearrange to get dsin0=nL

<p>1- recognise that the red triangle demonstrates the phase difference, nL</p><p>2- Recognise that the two triangle are similar, therefore theta is apart of both of them</p><p>3- use Sin0=O/H to find Sin0=nL/d </p><p>4- Rearrange to get dsin0=nL </p>
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2

What type of light is used during diffraction and which apparatus produces it?

Monochromatic light, produced by a laser

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3

Why is a diffraction grating more useful than Young’s Double Slip Experiment?

A diffraction grating produces a much sharper image of the interference pattern

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4

Are the bright fringes narrower or wider than the dark fringes?

The bright fringes are both narrower and brighter, whilst that dark fringes are wider and darker

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5

Where there are regions of constructive interference there are also regions of…?

Maximum Intensity

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6

How can we calculate d from N?

d=1/N, where N is the number of lines per mm (or m)

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7

Where is theta always measured from and what does this mean for the other orders of n?

Theta is always measured from the center (n=0), this means that the value of theta increases as the number of orders increases

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8

How do you find angular separation?

You subtract the smaller angle from the larger one. e.g. the angular separation between the first and second maxima is THETA2-THETA1

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9

What is the maximum angle of diffraction, with which maxima can be viewed?

When the beam is at right angles to the grating. Therefore 0=90o and sin0=1

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10

How do you calculate the highest order of maxima that is visible?

n=d/Lander

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11

How are diffraction gratings used for optical fibers?

They are used to select the optimum wavelength of light for use in optical fibers

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12

What is the main purpose of diffraction gratings?

They are used to separate light of varying wavelengths with high-resolution

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13

What are some of the uses of diffraction gratings, regarding spectrometers?

(Up to 7 points)

1-Analyse light from stars

2-Analyse the composition of a star

3- Chemical analysis

4- Measurement of red shift/ rotation of stars

5-Measure the frequency and or wavelength of light from a star

6- Observe the spectra of minerals

7- Analyse the absorption/emission spectra in stars

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14

How are diffraction gratings used in X-Ray Crystallography?

-X-Rays are directed at a thin crystal sheet, acting as a diffraction grating, producing a pattern

-The wavelength of X-Rays is similar to the spacing in the crystal atoms

-The diffraction pattern can be used to measure the ATOMIC SPACING in certain materials

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15

How are diffraction gratings used in Monochromator’s?

1-Used to specifically analyse a wavelength emitted by molecules in diseased cells from a biopsy sample

2- Used to help excite molecules in a sample with a specific wavelength of light

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