Industrial Revolution Quiz

Where did it begin?

It began in the 1780s in Great Britain, to eventually make its way around the world.

5 factors that contributed to starting the Industrial Revolution:

1. Agricultural revolution

2. Population growth

3. Investment capital

4. Natural resources - Great Britain also had abundant supplies of coal and iron.

5. Markets

cottage industry

A business of manufacturing activity carried on in a person’s home. Spinners made cotton thread from raw cotton and weavers wove cotton thread into cloth on looms.

technological advances

1. Flying shuttle - It was used with the traditional handloom and helped improve weaving efficiency and reduced labor needs because it could be operated with only one operator.

2. Spinning jenny - It was a hand-powered, multi-spindle spinning machine that allowed the operator to spin multiple threads simultaneously. 

3. Water/steam powered loom - It utilized a system of gears, pulleys, and belts connected to a steam engine or other power sources. The loom’s automatic operation made the weaving process significantly faster and more efficient.

4. Steam engine - This machine uses steam power to perform mechanical work through the agency of heat.

coal

This was used for fuel in the machines, increasing the need for it.

puddling process

Henry Cort developed this process, which was a method of converting pig iron into wrought iron by subjecting it to heat and frequent stirring in a furnace in the presence of oxidizing substances. This led the iron industry to boom.

railroads

This was important to the success of the Industrial Revolution resulting in more efficient means of moving resources and goods, particularly cotton goods.

Rocket

This was one of the first trains created, carrying goods from Manchester to the port of Liverpool. It was designed and built by Robert Stevenson in 1829.

Impact of population growth in Europe.

The population of Europe nearly doubled between 1750 and 1850. Famine and poverty led to global migration and urbanization. Rapid growth of cities led to poor living conditions.

3 things that the industrial middle class were responsible for:

1. Built factories

2. Bought the machines

3. Developed the markets

factory conditions

• Cotton Mills: Dirty, dusty, dangerous, and unhealthy.

• Coal Mines: Cave-ins, explosions, and gas fumes.

Children in factories. Why? (3)

• They were a cheap source of labor because the business men of the factories did not have to pay the children a sufficient living wage, unlike adults.

• They were small enough to fit into tight spaces like in the machines to clean or fix it, and in small places in the coal mines.

• Children contributed about 1/3rd of a family’s income.

Sadler Committee

In January 1833 the British Parliament published transcripts of hearings conducted by one of its members, Micheal Sadler.

What is an economic system that argues that the government has control of certain key industries and promotes equality of all.

socialism

Communist Manifesto

In 1848, Marz co-authored this pamphlet. This 48 page pamphlet was an economic interpretation of history that was focused on class struggle.

Bourgeoisie

The middle class, typically with reference to its perceived materialistic values or conventional attitudes. In Marxist context it is the capitalistic class who owns most of society’s wealth and means of production.

Proletariat

Workers or working class people, regarded collectively (often used with reference to Marxism).

Henry Cort

He developed the puddling process.

Robert Stevenson

He designed and built the Rocket in 1829

Michael Sadler

In 1832 he conducted a parliamentary investigation into the condition of children working in textile mills. He fought for child labor laws to be enacted.

James Watt

He created the steam engine.

Adam Smith

He called for a laissez faire approach to business! Each individual gets to work without government regulation.

Karl Marx: Explain in detail how Marx believed that communism would develop from socialism. You must include and define the terms proletariat and bourgeoisie.

Marx believed the proletariat will revolt against the bourgeoisie. Once they revolt, they will then revolt against the government, and form a new government called the Dictatorship of the Proletarians. Society and state governments will disappear (all governments) and leave behind a perfect communist society/marxism. It provided an equal society and equal pay.

What is Karl Marx’s belief?

Rich, wealthy people took advantage of poor, working people.

What are 2 positives of the Industrial Revolution.

1. Higher quality of iron

2. More jobs

What are 2 negatives of the Industrial Revolution?

1. Child labor

2. Pollution.

What role did the agricultural revolution play in the industrial revolution?

Increase in food production led to an increase in population which brought more workers to the factories.

What is a manufactured good?

Goods made in factories.

Main item produced in the cotton industry that made its way to the factories first?

Cotton cloth.

What did the Rocket transport first?

Cotton cloth.

What nation was the wealthiest nation in the world in the 1800s?

Great Britain.

What did not improve the industrial revolution?

Factory working conditions.

What was the new labor system that was created by the factories and why?

It created shift work because they wanted to keep the factories running at all times.

What social change emerged from the industrial revolution?

A new middle class and a working class.

What is the biggest benefit of the railroad in Great Britain?

Cheap transportation for goods and people.

Who invented the water powered loom?

Edmund Cartwright

Who invented the spinning jenny?

James Hargreaves

What are the 3 main reasons that allowed Great Britain to take off?

Coal, iron, and water.

What is an economic system where anybody can do whatever they want to make money?

Capitalism.

Pick 2 of the five factors of the industrial revolution and explain how it helped guide the industrial revolution.

1. The agriculture revolution brought an increase in the amount of food allowing the population to increase. With the population greatly increased the factories were filled an able to expand.

2. The markets allowed Great Britain to sell and trade their factory made goods bringing in a great profit for their country to keep mass producing the materials.