Industrial Revolution Quiz

Where did it begin?

It began in the 1780s in Great Britain, to eventually make its way around the world.

5 factors that contributed to starting the Industrial Revolution:

1. Agricultural revolution

2. Population growth

3. Investment capital

4. Natural resources - Great Britain also had abundant supplies of coal and iron.

5. Markets

cottage industry

A business of manufacturing activity carried on in a person’s home. Spinners made cotton thread from raw cotton and weavers wove cotton thread into cloth on looms.

technological advances

1. Flying shuttle - It was used with the traditional handloom and helped improve weaving efficiency and reduced labor needs because it could be operated with only one operator.

2. Spinning jenny - It was a hand-powered, multi-spindle spinning machine that allowed the operator to spin multiple threads simultaneously. 

3. Water/steam powered loom - It utilized a system of gears, pulleys, and belts connected to a steam engine or other power sources. The loom’s automatic operation made the weaving process significantly faster and more efficient.

4. Steam engine - This machine uses steam power to perform mechanical work through the agency of heat.

coal

This was used for fuel in the machines, increasing the need for it.

puddling process

Henry Cort developed this process, which was a method of converting pig iron into wrought iron by subjecting it to heat and frequent stirring in a furnace in the presence of oxidizing substances. This led the iron industry to boom.

railroads

This was important to the success of the Industrial Revolution resulting in more efficient means of moving resources and goods, particularly cotton goods.

Rocket

This was one of the first trains created, carrying goods from Manchester to the port of Liverpool. It was designed and built by Robert Stephenson in 1829.

Impact of population growth in Europe.

The population of Europe nearly doubled between 1750 and 1850. Famine and poverty led to global migration and urbanization. Rapid growth of cities led to poor living conditions.

3 things that the industrial middle class were responsible for:

1. Built factories

2. Bought the machines

3. Developed the markets

factory conditions

• Cotton Mills: Dirty, dusty, dangerous, and unhealthy.

• Coal Mines: Cave-ins, explosions, and gas fumes.

Children in factories. Why? (3)

• They were a cheap source of labor because the business men of the factories did not have to pay the children a sufficient living wage, unlike adults.

• They were small enough to fit into tight spaces like in the machines to clean or fix it, and in small places in the coal mines.

• Children contributed about 1/3rd of a family’s income.

Sadler Committee

In January 1833 the British Parliament published transcripts of hearings conducted by one of its members, Micheal Sadler.

socialism

• An economic system where the government owns and controls some means of production.

• They believed that this would allow wealth to be distributed more equally.

Communist Manifesto

In 1848, Marz co-authored this pamphlet. This 48 page pamphlet was an economic interpretation of history that was focused on class struggle.

Bourgeoisie

The middle class, typically with reference to its perceived materialistic values or conventional attitudes. In Marxist context it is the capitalistic class who owns most of society’s wealth and means of production.

Proletariat

Workers or working class people, regarded collectively (often used with reference to Marxism).

Henry Cort

He developed the puddling process.

Robert Stevenson

He designed and built the Rocket in 1829

Michael Sadler

In 1832 he conducted a parliamentary investigation into the condition of children working in textile mills. He fought for child labor laws to be enacted.

James Watt

He created the steam engine.