Pathology of the Kidneys and UUT Part 1 Flashcards

Flashcards covering cysts, multicystic dysplastic kidney disease (MCDK), polycystic kidney disease and renal benign solid tumors.

What is the purpose of the Bosniak classification / grading system?

To determine the risk of malignancy in renal cysts.

Which organ is the Bosniak classification specifically used for?

Renal cysts, not cysts in other organs.

What are the characteristics of a Class 1 simple cyst according to the Bosniak classification?

Anechoic, imperceptible wall, round. ~0% malignant.

What are the characteristics and malignancy risk of a Bosniak 2F renal cyst?

Thin septation, thick calcification, hyperdense on CT, ~5% malignant.

What are the characteristics and malignancy risk of a Bosniak 3 renal cyst?

Thick or multiple septations, mural nodule, ~50% malignant.

What are the characteristics and malignancy risk of a Bosniak 4 cyst?

Solid mass with cystic spaces, ~100% malignant.

What is the typical US presentation of a simple renal cyst?

Anechoic, well defined, thin-walled, fluid-filled structure with posterior enhancement.

How are complex cysts sonographically different than simple cysts?

Complex cysts may contain septations, thick walls, calcifications, internal echoes, and mural nodularity.

What should complex cysts be considered until proven otherwise?

Malignant.

Where do parapelvic cysts appear to originate?

Within the renal hilum, close to the renal pelvis and calyces, not within renal parenchyma.

What is the likely origin of parapelvic cysts?

Lymphatic.

Do parapelvic cysts communicate with the collecting system?

No.

What are the possible symptoms of parapelvic cysts?

Pain, haematuria, hypertension, or obstruction.

What are the key characteristics of multicystic dysplastic kidney disease (MCDK)?

Multiple cysts of varying sizes, non-functioning kidney, affects one kidney only

What is the typical sonographic appearance of MCDK?

Bunch of grapes.

What are the two main types of polycystic kidney disease?

Autosomal dominant (ADPKD) and autosomal recessive (ARPKD).

Which form of polycystic kidney disease appears later in life?

ADPKD (Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease)

What renal tumor is comprised of fat, muscle and blood vessels?

Angiomyolipoma

What is the typical sonographic appearance of an angiomyolipoma?

Well circumscribed, echogenic, solid lesion.

What is the most common benign renal tumor?

Renal adenomas