Studied by 0 people
Copernicus
heliocentric theory, spherical orbits
brahe and kepler
kepler was an assistant to brahe, who improved planetary observation charts, kepler makes 3 laws of planetary motion and proves elliptical orbits
galileo
used telescope to observe space, proved innertia
newton
makes laws of universe
bacon and descartes
Francis Bacon and René Descartes were pivotal figures in the development of modern scientific thought. Bacon emphasized empirical observation and inductive reasoning, advocating for the collection of data through experimentation to form general conclusions. Descartes, on the other hand, championed deductive reasoning and the use of doubt as a foundational principle, famously stating "Cogito, ergo sum" ("I think, therefore I am") to establish certainty in knowledge.
adam smith the wealth of nations
provides economic commentary
how did scientific thinking change
people originally used natural philosophy for their ideas, but then used the experimental method and math to prove things
montesquieu and voltaire
criticize france with satire, also promoting a reading revolution and more ppl want to be enlightened
diderot
encyclopedia
rousseau
says people have sole sovereignty, but will be led by the few who know peoples common interests
how did enlightenment thinkers feel about religion
attacked it as oppressive, many were deists who supported separation of church and state
moses mendelssohn
leads haskalah to urge for jewish civil rights
women’s role
important artists, rococo was a new women art style popular through europe. women were excluded from science, however informal communities like salons helped people learn
frederick the great
made huge legal reforms, helped education, and maintained serfdom while buffing nobility
catherine the great of russia
improves education and government, supports encyclopedia, gives nobles more control over serfs
Note 
Flashcard (25)