JFK - Civil Rights

What year were the freedom rides

1961

What were the freedom rides aim

Expose southern hypocrisy to the media

What event were the freedom rides inspired by

Journey of Reconciliation

What happened during the freedom rides

Thirteen riders aimed to travel from Washington to New Orleans by bus

What were the successes of the freedom rides

International attention, leveraging grassroots activism and the power of the media through the provocation of southern white people

What was Kennedy’s response to the Freedom Riders

Ordered for the protection of the riders

What did the Interstate Commerce Commission rule in 1955

That racial segregation on interstate trains and buses must end by January 10th 1965

Who did Kennedy appoint as a federal judge in 1961

Thurgood Marshall

What year was the Albany Campaign

1961-1962

Who was the local police chief in Albany

Laurie Pritchett

Why did the Albany Campaign fail

Pritchett ensured that space was available in local jails so those arrested wouldn’t be crowded therefore media neglected the protest

What happened to MLK when arrested at Albany

When Pritchett discovered MLK chose jail over a fine he arranged for the fine to be paid so no attention was put on King

What did James Meredith do

Applied to the University of Mississippi

What happened after James Meredith was enrolled

Riots followed

What was Robert Kennedy’s response to the reaction at ‘Ole Miss’

Had 500 US Marshalls supported by the 70th Army Engineer Combat Battalion brought in to maintain order

Who was the police chief in Birmingham, Alabama

Bull Connor

Who was the Governor of Alabama

George Wallace

What famous quote did George Wallace say

“Segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever”

What nickname did Birmingham have and how did it get the name

“Bombingham” due to Klan activity

When was the Birmingham Campaign

April - May 1963

Who led the Birmingham campaign

SCLC

What happened to King at Birmingham

Arrested but released after his wife contacted the Kennedy administration

What did King’s absence at the Birmingham protests lead to

James Bevel proposed using young children in demonstrations

What did Bull Connor use to deter protesters in Birmingham

High pressure hoses and dogs

What impact did Connors dangerous tactics have

Caused media frenzy, images made front page news across the world

How many protesters were jailed after Birmingham

2000

What happened four months after the Birmingham campaign

The 16th Street Baptist Church was bombed killing four young girls

When was the March on Washington

August 27th 1963

How many protesters were at the March on Washington

200,000

Who co-organised the March on Washington

The ‘Big Six’ leaders - James Farmer (CORE), John Lewis (SNCC), MLK (SCLC), Roy Wilkins (NAACP), Whitney Young (Urban League), A Phillip Randolph (Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters)

What speech did MLK deliver at the March on Washington

I Have a Dream

Which significant celebrity’s came out at the March on Washington demanding civil rights

Joan Baez, Bob Dylan, Jackie Robinson, Marlon Brando, James Baldwin

What was the EEOC

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

Aims of the EEOC

Equal opportunities for federal employees and in companies with contracts with the federal government

What year was the SCLC founded

1957

What would happen during the sit-ins

Protestors would go to a segregated restaurant, sit in the whites only seats and ask to be served

Why were the people participating in the sit-ins typically students

Had less to lose in terms of economics