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John Brown

1859- The federal arsenal was raided with the intentions of giving guns to enslaved people and starting the civil war. He was hanged.

Kansas-Nebraska

When Kansas became a state, they decided the issue of Slavery with a popular vote. People who lived in Missouri travelled to vote as Kansas residents so slavery would be legal.

Dred Scott Decision

Dred Scott traveled to the free state of Wisconsin with his owner, his owner died on the trip and Dred Scott sued the state of Wisconsin for his freedom in 1857, to which they said he wasn’t even allowed to be in court, that he wasn’t considered a person. His case was overturned. This was the cause of the 14th amendment

Uncle Toms Cabin

Harriet Beecher, 1852. The book describes the reality of slavery, and the conditions people are put through. It started an uprising in the abolitionist movement in the north, and it was banned in the south.

Seneca Falls Convention

1848, woman suffrage starts. Women begin to fight for the right to vote

Slave Trade Ends

In 1850, the slave trade was outlawed in Washington DC, but was still legal between states

Compromise of 1850

California wanted to join the union as a free state, but half the state was south of Missouri. The government allowed this, but to compensate the south, they strengthened the Fugitive Slave Act and having the territories of Utah and New Mexico vote on weather to be free or slave.

Missouri Compromise- 3/3/1820

Any state entering the Union as of 1820 would be a Slave state if they were south of Missouri. States North of Missouri would be free.

Lynching

The act of hanging a black person and leaving their body to send a message to other African Americans that they’re not safe. African Americans couldn’t serve jury, people were never charged for these murders

Monuments

Bridges, statues, schools, ect. put up in the south in honor of confederate soldiers

Art

Political cartoons and other art works circled about the United States that depicted black men as dangerous and lustful for white women

Film

The growing industry was used to create propaganda to reenforce and normalize racist ideas, reassuring people that their hateful views were valid

Gone With The Wind

This movie depicts the north as oppressors of the south, it makes slaves seem happy in their conditions and paints the confederacy as nobel

Birth Of A Nation

A film depicting the foundation of the KKK as heroic and honorable, making them out to be defenders of the south.. President Waldorf Wilson hosted a watch party stating that it was a “beautiful film”

Jim Crow Law

Segregation

Plessy Vs. Ferguson- “Seperate but equal”

Homer Plessy refused to move from a “white only” railroad car and was arrested. Homer sued the state of Louisiana in 1891 over segregation being unconstitutional. It was overruled by the Supreme court in 1896

Voting restrictions

After Reconstruction ended, southern states started to place restrictions on voting to keep white people in power over African Americans

Literacy Test

A test given by the state when one registers to vote. The tests were made more difficult for African American citizens, and were changed each time to make it impossible to study.

Poll Tax

Voters must pay for their ballot. If an African American person did have the money, they would say they raised the price

Grandfather Clause

A voting restriction that states people could only vote if their grandfather voted in the last presidential election- African Americans couldn’t vote because their grandparents couldn’t vote in American elections yet

Start of the Redemption era

1877- Reconstruction ended. The North pulls military out of the south and stops trying to enforce reconstruction due to expenses

Voting violence

African Americans who made it passed voting restrictions would often just be killed and used as an example to scare other African Americans out of voting.

Sharecropping

Replaced slavery- Exploiting poor African American farmers by having them work for white farmers, they were compensated with a percentage of crops. Used to keep people in poverty.

Black codes

Rules set for African American people preventing them from voting, owning property, meeting with one another, owning firearms, being out past dark, or working for anyone other than a white man. Punishment was being imprisoned, which meant they would be put back into slavery

KKK

Founded 12/24/1865, it’s a terrorist organization that wears white sheets to “haunt” black people as “the ghosts of fallen confederate soldiers.” Mostly responsible for lynchings and other violent crime

HBCU

Historically Black Collage or University- White universities wouldn’t accept black students so new universities were created

Black legislators

The 14th amendment allowed people of color to hold office

Freedman’s Bureau

Set up by the government to educate freed slaves

15th amendment

No man can be denied the right to vote based on race

13th amendment

Slavery is completely outlawed, outside of incarceration

14th amendment

Equal protection under the law for all- All people born or naturalized are citizens