Basics of Immunity & Innate Immunity

immunity

the body’s capacity to repel foreign bodies and pathogens

pathogen

a disease causing agent

innate (non-specific)

inborne, general profiling of a category of invader

adaptive (specific)

specific profiling of an individual invader

innate defense

type of defense that provides species resistance with mechanical barriers

mechanical barriers

skin, hair, and mucous membranes are types of…

mucus membranes

mucus, sweat, saliva, tears, urine, ear wax, and bleeding are all examples of…

pathogens

mucus membranes wash away…

2 lbs

How much do the microbes in and on our body weigh?

because they can help to kill other bad microbes

Why can microbes be good?

chemical barriers

agents of the skin’s sebum, stomach acid/enzymes, salts and lysozymes of the eyes, and proteases of the mouth are types of…

defensins

protein released from neutrophils/macrophages that punch holes in bacteria, fungi, and viruses

collectins

released from cells of the endothelium that act like velcro to cause sticking together of pathogens

interferons

released from virally infected cells to warn other cells of invasion, reduce inflammation, and enhance action in leukocytes

positive chemotaxis

the process when chemicals attract phagocytes

negative chemotaxis

the process when chemicals repel phagocytes

diapedesis or emigration

the ability to squeeze between cells is called…

phagocytosis

process when a phagocyte attaches to its target and destroys it or promotes destruction by activating specific defenses

natural killer cells

cells that monitor our personal cell population and help destroy cancerous or virally infected cells

perforins

What protein do NK cells release to trigger lyses of a problematic cell and cause it to burst?

inflammation

localized edema and redness

prevent pathogens from entering the CVS, increases action of immune response, and promotes tissue repair

inflammation helps to…

fever

pyrogens adjust hypothalamus

promote sequester of iron and increase activity to leukocytes

a fever helps the body to…

10%

for every 1º C rise in body temp, metabolic rate increases by…

1st line of defense

Mechanical barriers are apart of what line of defense?

2nd line of defense

Chemical barriers, NK cells, inflammation, phagocytosis, and fever are apart of what line of defense?

3rd line of defense

Cellular immune response and humoral immune response are apart of what line of defense?

2nd line of defense

What line of defense occurs after the pathogen enters the body?