animal farm

Who owns Manor Farm? What does he forget?

Mr. Jones owns Manor Farm. He forgets to close the popholes because he is drunk.

Who is Old Major? How old is he? What was his show name?

Old Major is a boar who was used for show. He is twelve years old. His show name was Willingdon Beauty.

What term does Old Major use to address the animals? What does this term mean?

Old Major uses the word "comrades" to address the animals. This term means "friends." Its may specifically mean a fellow communist.

According to Old Major, what is the nature of the life of the farm animals?

According to Old Major, the nature of the life of farm animals is having misery, working very much, and having a short life. He says that the animals are forced to work with small rations of food and are killed as soon as they are deemed not useful. He says that animals over a year old are never happy.

According to Old Major, who is the enemy, and why?

According to Old Major, Man is the enemy because humans are tyrants. He says that humans do not give the animals enough for all the work they do. He believes that the animals deserve more. He believes Man takes and doesn't produce anything.

Which animal had to be voted into comradeship?

Rats had to be voted into comradeship.

What motto does Old Major give the animals?

Old Major gives the animals the motto "Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy. Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend."

What humans "vices" does Old Major warn against?

Old Major warns against the human "vices" of living in a house, sleeping in a bed, wearing clothes, drinking alcohol, smoking tobacco, touching money, trading, and tyrannizing over their own kind

Above all, what does Old Major suggest is the number one rule?

Old Major suggests that the number one rule above all others is to never tyrannize over the other animals because he says that all animals are equal.

Judging from the descriptions Orwell gives of the animals, who do you think are the smarter animals? The dumber animals?

Judging from the descriptions Orwell gives of the animals, I think the smarter animals are the Middle White boar, or Old Major, the dogs, and the pigs. I think the dumber animals are the horses, the goat, the donkey, the hens, the sheep, the cows, the pigeons, the ducklings, and the cat.

What happens three nights after Old Major holds the meeting? What month is it?

Three nights after Old Major holds the meeting, he dies. It is in the month of March.

Describe Napoleon and Snowball. How are they similar? How are they different? What is their relationship like?

Napoleon and Snowball are similar because they both get their ways and both like being in charge. Napoleon does not get his way through speech and is known to have more depth of character. Snowball is very good with speech and is clever. Their relationship is that they both are leaders in developling Animalism.

What is the name of the animals' new system of thought? How do the animals respond to this new form of government, particularly Mollie?

The name of the animals' new system of thought is Animalism. At first, most of the animals do not understand or care about this new form of government. Some of them don't agree with it. The dogs don't want to give up eating rats. Mollie specifically does not like everything about it and doesn't not completely agree with it. She doesn't want to give up sugar and ribbons.

How does Moses, the raven, cause problems? What is Sugarcandy Mountain?

Moses, the raven, causes problems by speaking in a way that makes the animals stray away from Animalism. Sugarcandy Mountain is like a heaven for the animals.

What incident(s) incite the Rebellion?

The incident that the animals are not fed for almost two days incites the Rebellion.

Once the animals realize they have rid themselves of all humans, what do they do with the instruments the humans used "against" them?

Once the animals realize they have rid themselves of all humans, they throw in the well and burn the instruments the humans used "against" them.

Who leads the animals through the farmhouse? How do the animals react to what they see in the house?

Snowball and Napoleon lead the animals through the farmhouse. The animals react to what they see in the house by being in awe. They speak in whispers and tiptoe through the house.

What three things are disturbed in the house, and why?

Three things are disturbed in the house. One is a ribbon that Mollie is holding up against her hair. Mollie does this because she is self-centered. The animals also bury some hams in the kitchen because they are dead pigs. Boxer makes a hole in a barrel of beer because the animals are not to drink alcohol.

What agreement is made after the animals leave the house?

After the animals leave the house, they agree to preserve the farmhouse as a museum. No animals would live in the house.

What do the pigs teach themselves? What is the result of their newly acquired skill?

The pigs teach themselves to read and write. As a result of this newly acquired skill of theirs, Snowball is able to repaint the sign that said MANOR FARM to say ANIMAL FARM. He also writes the Seven Commandments of Animalism on the outside wall of the big barn.

Identify the Seven Commandments. Why are they established?

The Seven Commandments are (1) whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy, (2) whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend, (3) no animal shall wear clothes, (4) no animal shall sleep in a bed, (5) no animal shall drink alcohol, (6) no animal shall kill any other animal, and (7) all animals are equal. The Commandments are established so that even the dumbest animals could understand Animalism. The rules will ensure order on the farm.

Explain the irony of the Seventh Commandment.

The irony of the Seventh Commandment, "All animals are equal," is that the pigs do not treat the other animals as equals. They, especially Snowball and Napoleon, are starting to become the leaders. They also took the milk for themselves.

What problem is introduced at the very end of Chapter Two?

At the very end of Chapter Two, the problem introduced is that the animals do not know what to do with the milk, but when they return from the harvest, the milk is gone.

Who becomes a stand-out among the workers? Why? What is his personal motto?

Boxer becomes a stand-out among the workers because he volunteers to do extra work as he is the strongest. His personal motto is "I will work harder!"

Which characters begin to show signs of becoming problems?

Mollie, Benjamin, and the cat begin to show signs of becoming problems; they are not very interested in working hard. Mollie doesn't try her hardest. The cat disappears when the rest of the animals are working. Benjamin has an attitude that's against Animalism.

Describe the typical Sunday.

On Sundays, the animals eat breakfast an hour later, raise their flag, have an assembly known as the Meeting, which ends with the singing of Beasts of England, and do recreational activities the rest of the day.

What shows that there are already problems in the leadership of the new government?

Snowball and Napoleon always disagree. This shows that there are already problems in the leadership of the new government.

Describe the levels of learning of the animals, particularly the pigs, Muriel, Benjamin, Clover, Boxer, and Mollie.

The animals are at different learning levels. The pigs are the smartest. Benjamin is about as smart as the pigs. The dogs are not as smart as them. Muriel, the goat, is a little smarter than the dogs. Clover was only smart enough to learn the alphabet. Boxer only has the capacity to learn four letters at a time. Mollie is probably able to learn more, but decides to only learn the letters that spell her name. The rest of the animals are smart enough only to learn the letter "A".

How does Snowball summarize the Seven Commandments so that the stupid animals can remember?

So that the stupid animals can remember, Snowball summarizes the Seven Commandments to "four legs good, two legs bad."

What happens to Jesse and Bluebell's puppies?

Jesse and Bluebell's puppies are taken away to be educated by Napoleon once they are weaned.

Explain distribution of the apples and the mystery of the milk.

The pigs decide that the apples should be distributed only among themselves and reveal that they took the milk.

Who is sent to explain this? What are his arguments?

Squealer is sent to explain this. His arguments are that the pigs need the milk and the apples because Science has proven that they are necessary to the well-being of a pig. He maintains that if the pigs are not healthy, the farm will not be organized, and Mr. Jones will come back.

How do the animals respond?

The animals respond to Squealer's explanation by agreeing with him after some reluctance.

What is your reaction to the milk and apples incident? How well does this correspond with the Seventh Commandment? What does this suggest about future incidents?

The milk and apples incident, according to the laws of Animalism, is not right. This does not correspond at all with the Seventh Commandment; instead, it clashes with it. Because the animals are equal, according to the Seventh Commandment, they should receive an equal share of food. This suggests that the pigs will continue to become more powerful and wealthy with food.

Explain the quote: "surely there is no one among you who wants to see Jones come back?" What rhetorical device is Squealer using? Infer what Squealer hopes will be the response by asking such a question.

Squealer uses the rhetorical question "...surely there is no one among you who wants to see Jones come back?" to persuade the animals. He is instilling fear into them. He hopes the animals' response to his question will be to agree with his point that the pigs must have the apples and milk for themselves.

Infer why Napoleon and Snowball send pigeons to other farms to tell them the story of the Rebellion and teach them Beasts of England.

Napoleon and Snowball send pigeons to other farms to tell them the story of the Rebellion and to teach them Beasts of England to spread Animalism. They also used the pigeons as spies.

Describe Mr. Pilkington and Foxwood.

Mr. Pilkington, who is the owner of a farm called Foxwood, is easygoing, as he is usually fishing or hunting. Because of this, his farm is neglected. There are too many trees growing everywhere and the bushes are not pruned.

Describe Mr. Frederick and Pinchfield.

Mr. Frederick, who is the owner of a farm called Pinchfield, is an angry man. He is almost always suing somebody or being sued. His farm is in better condition than Mr. Pilkington's farm.

What is Mr. Pilkington and Mr. Frederick's relationship like? What cause do they now share?

Mr. Pilkington and Mr. Frederick do not like each other and are constantly disagreeing. They now share the cause of attempting to recapture Animal Farm.

Who leads the first attack?

Snowball leads the first attack.

What bothers Boxer about his part in the battle? What is Snowball's response?

The death of a human during the battle which was caused by Boxer bothers him. Snowball responds coldly. He says that it is good that the human is dead because, according to him, "The only good human being is a dead one."

Where was Mollie during the battle?

Mollie was with the rest of the animals during some of the battle, but she left to hide in her stall once Mr. Jones fired his gun.

How do the animals honor Snowball and Boxer for their part in the Battle? How do the animals honor the fallen sheep?

The animals honor Snowball and Boxer for their part in the Battle by giving them the award, 'Animal Hero, First Class,' which was a brass medal made from some horse-brasses found in the harness-room. The animals honor the fallen sheep by giving it the award 'Animal Hero, Second Class.'

What do the animals name this battle?

The animals name this battle the Battle of the Cowshed.

Predict what you think Snowball's role will be on the farm, now that he is considered a hero.

Now that Snowball is considered a hero, his role on the farm will to be an even more powerful leader. The animals will believe he deserves this role because of all he has done for the farm.

What happens to Mollie? Explain.

Mollie escapes from Animal Farm. She, before she escaped, was interacting with humans and was found to have hidden lump sugar and ribbons. Three days after she was found to have been hiding things, she disappeared. Then the pigeons found out that she had found an owner who put ribbons on her and fed her sugar. After the animals on the farm are told this by the pigeons, they never speak of her again.

Compare Snowball's and Napoleon's techniques for gathering support.

Snowball and Napoleon have different techniques for gaining support. Snowball gains support on the spot during the meetings through his speeches. Napoleon gains support in between the meetings by talking to the other animals about what he will do for them. He manipulates the animals and makes deals with them. Snowball's method of gaining support is more fair and honest that Napoleon's method of gaining support.

Explain Snowball's detailed plan for the placement of the windmill. Where did Snowball get his ideas?

Snowball had a plan for the placement of the windmill. He would place it on the hill in the pasture. The windmill would supply the farm electrical power for lights and heaters in the stalls, a circular saw, a chaff-cutter, a mangel-slicer, and an electric milking machine. Snowball got most of his ideas from three books he found in the farmhouse.

What is Napoleon's reaction to Snowball's windmill idea?

Napoleon reacts to Snowball's windmill idea by showing his lack of care for it. He pees on the plans for the windmill.

On what topic are the animals divided? What is Snowball's platform? What is Napoleon's platform?

The animals are divided on the topic of whether or not to build the windmill. Snowball wanted the windmill to be built. Snowball's platform was that once the windmill was built, the animals would only have to work three days a week. Napoleon did not want the windmill to be built. Napoleon's platform was that the animals needed to work on producing more food, so if they focused their energy on building the windmill, they would all die of starvation.

How do Napoleon and Snowball differ in their ideas of defense of the farm? With whom do you agree? Why?

Napoleon and Snowball disagree on how to defend the farm. Napoleon thought that the animals needed to get and train themselves in the use of firearms. Snowball believed that they needed to send out more pigeons to spread more word about the Rebellion and to spread rebellion everywhere. He believed that if all the animals rebelled, the humans would be too afraid or too weak to attack. I agree with Napoleon. If more animals rebelled, then there would be more angry farmers willing to band together to take over all the farms. Using firearms would be more helpful because then the animals could attack the humans directly.

What happens to Snowball the night he announces his plans for the windmill?

The night he announces his plan for the windmill, Snowball is chased out of the farm by some dogs. Napoleon calls them by making a whimpering noise. Not only do they chase Snowball off of the farm, he is never seen again. Later, the animals realize that these dogs were Jesse and Bluebell's puppies.

What does Napoleon remove from the Sunday morning ritual? What is his explanation? Who will now make all major decisions?

Napoleon removes the Meeting from the Sunday morning ritual. His explanation, which Squealer gives for him, is that he is doing it for the good of the animals. He believes that the animals don't always make the right decisions, so he says that he will make decisions for them. A special committee of pigs led by Napoleon will now make all major decisions.

Infer why the animals are hesitant to speak out about Napoleon's announcement.

The animals are hesitant to speak out about Napoleon's announcement because there are big, menacing dogs always surrounding him that may hurt the animals if they say anything bad about Napoleon.

What does Squealer threaten may happen if the pigs, especially Napoleon, are not given leadership?

Squealer threatens that if the pigs, especially Napoleon, are not given leadership, Mr. Jones may come back.

What two maxims does Boxer adopt?

Boxer adopts the two maxims, 'Napoleon is always right,' and, 'I will work harder.'

How are Sunday mornings changing for the animals?

Sunday mornings are changing for the animals because, instead of having the Meetings, the animals will just meet for Napoleon to read out the orders for the week. During the meetings, the pigs and the dogs are on the stage and the rest of the animals face them.

How does Squealer justify Napoleon's decision to build the windmill?

Squealer justifies Napoleon's decision to build the windmill by saying that he only seemed to oppose Snowball as part of his plan to get rid of him. He said that Napoleon was just using tactics. He also said that the windmill was originally Napoleon's idea and that Napoleon came up with the plan for the windmill. According to him, Snowball stole the blueprint for the windmill.

Which one of the Seven Commandments is no longer in effect? How is this not accurate anymore?

The Seventh Commandment, 'All animals are equal,' is no longer in effect. This is not accurate anymore because three pigs hold all the power. If the animals are equal, all of them should hold an equal amount of power. The Second Commandment is also not true anymore because Napoleon called Snowball an enemy although the commandment states that, because Snowball has four legs, he is a friend.

What very important aspect of Democracy did Napoleon remove from the animals' government? Why is this aspect so important?

Napoleon removed voting, which is an important aspect of Democracy, from the animals' government. This aspect is important because it grants the animals freedom. They may choose how they want problems to be solved. Now only three pigs make decisions. The animals no longer have freedom.

Despite "working like slaves" why were the animals still very happy?

The animals were still very happy despite "working like slaves" because they felt that all their work would be for the benefit for themselves and not for humans; the fruit of their labor isn't going to the humans.

What is the irony about working on Sundays?

The irony about working on Sundays is that it is said to be voluntary, but if any animal doesn't do it, his/her rations are be lessened by half.

What problem do the animals run into in building the windmill? How are these problems solved?

In building the windmill, the animals run into the problem of not being able to break up the boulders. They then realize that, by lifting them up using ropes and dropping them, the stone shatters.

What major problems regarding supplies begin to surface?

The major problem that the farm does not have all the supplies it needs begins to surface. Some of the supplies it needed was paraffin oil, nails, string, dog biscuits, and iron for the horses' shoes. The farm would soon need seeds and artificial manures. It would also eventually need some tools and machinery for the windmill.

Why did it become necessary to trade with humans?

It became necessary to trade with humans because the farm does not have all the supplies it needs, and the humans have the supplies it needs.

Predict whether trade with humans will become a benefit or a mistake. Give reasons for your prediction.

The animals trading with humans is a mistake because the animals are trading food for materials. Food is more important than any other materials they may need. If they trade their food, they may have shortages of it and starve. Another negative effect of trading is that the person who represents Animal Farm may tell the farmers news about Animal Farm and may cause the farm to become vulnerable.

Who always interrupts to remind the animals "Four legs good, two legs bad," and what is their purpose? Where have we seen this behavior before?

The sheep always interrupt to remind the animals "Four legs good, two legs bad." Their purpose is to help Napoleon to gain power by distracting the animals about what Napoleon has said. This action also reminds the animals about the spirit of Animalism, which may lead them to agree with Napoleon. This behavior was seen before when Snowball was still at the farm and was making speeches to argue his points. The sheep do it when the animals disagree with Napoleon.

Why was Squealer sent around to the animals this time?

Squealer was sent around to the animals this time to convince them that nothing written down stated that the animals could not engage in trade.

Who is Mr. Whymper?

Mr. Whymper is a broker for Animal Farm. He deals with the negotiation for the trade agreements between Animal Farm and other farms.

To where do the pigs move? How are these new arrangements justified?

The pigs move into the farmhouse. These new arrangements are justified by Squealer, who says that the pigs can sleep in the beds as long as they don't have sheets. He says the pigs must have the beds to sleep well and be able to lead the farm so that Mr. Jones doesn't come back.

What rhetorical question is Squealer fond of using? Infer why he continues to ask this particular question.

Squealer is find of using the rhetorical question "Surely none of you wishes to see Jones back?" He continues to ask this question because asking this question always convinces the animals by causing fear that the comforts the pigs are receiving are being received for good reason.

How does Napoleon react to the destruction of the windmill? Who does he blame? Why do you think he does this?

Napoleon reacts to the destruction of the windmill by thinking about what he should do next. He decides to blame Snowball for its destruction. He does this so that he can convince the animals who still liked Snowball that he was evil.

Infer why Napoleon chose to react this way, as opposed to just accepting that the weather destroyed the windmill.

Napoleon chose to react this way, as opposed to just accepting that the weather destroyed the windmill as a tactic to gain power. In pretending that Snowball destroyed it, he convinced the animals who still liked Snowball that he was evil. This would help them see Napoleon in a better light. The animals would like Napoleon better, thinking that he wasn't sneaky and had the best interests of the farm at heart. If the animals like him, Napoleon can gain more power. He also doesn't want the animals to blame him for not telling them how to properly build a windmill. He doesn't want them to think that he didn't know how to build a strong windmill.

Why does Napoleon immediately order the animals to begin reconstruction of the windmill?

Napoleon immediately orders the animals to begin reconstruction of the windmill because he wants to keep up the act that Snowball destroyed it. If Snowball destroyed it, Napoleon would be angry and want to show him that what he did didn't hurt the farm. If he was angry, he would want the animals to work harder and almost rub it in Snowball's face. Napoleon wanted the animals to believe that he wasn't lying.

What was one of the strongest motivations for completing the rebuilding of the windmill?

One of the strongest motivations for completing the rebuilding of the windmill was that the humans would be happy if they didn't finish the windmill on. They also didn't want Snowball to think that they were weak.

From whose point of view do you think the story is being told, particularly based upon the sentence, "Out of spite, the humans beings pretended not to believe that it was Snowball who had destroyed the windmill: they said that it had fallen down because the walls were too thin"? How is the use of this point of view effective?

The story is told from an outside observer's point of view based on the sentence "Out of spite, the humans beings pretended not to believe that it was Snowball who had destroyed the windmill: they said that it had fallen down because the walls were too thin." The story may have been told by a bird or other animal who believes what Napoleon says. This point of view is effective because it allows the reader to know what is happening inside and outside of the farm. It also lets the reader know what the animals believe.

Infer why it was "vitally necessary" to conceal that the animals were starving.

It was "vitally necessary" to conceal that the animals were starving because that would let the humans know that they were weak. The humans would try to take over Animal Farm knowing that they had a better chance of succeeding. Napoleon wanted to keep his power over the farm.

How does Napoleon attempt to dispel the rumors about Animal Farm?

Napoleon attempts to dispel the rumors about Animal Farm by making a false impression on Mr. Whymper. He would select certain animals to tell him that rations were increased, and all the other animals could not see Mr. Whymper. He also made the bins of food in the store-shed look more full by filling them with food and let Mr. Whymper see the bins.

Why does Napoleon order that the hens' eggs be sold? What happens when the hens rebel?

Napoleon orders that the hens' eggs be sold because he needed to sell them to receive grain and meal. When the hens rebel, their rations are stopped. He says that any animal that feeds them will be killed.

What else has Snowball supposedly been doing lately?

Snowball has supposedly hidden in either Foxwood or Pinchfield and went to Animal Farm at night. During his trips, it was said that he hid and broke things. He then supposedly sold himself to Frederick, who owns Pinchfield Farm. Squealer said that Frederick was plotting to take over Animal Farm.

What does Squealer now say about Snowball, particularly regarding Mr. Jones and the Battle of the Cowshed?

Squealer now says that Snowball has always been an enemy of the farm. He says that Snowball was Mr. Jones' spy. He also says that Snowball tried to get the animals defeated at the Battle of the Cowshed. He says that Snowball led the animals in flight for the humans to take over the farm.

How does Squealer make Napoleon sound like the true hero? How do the animals react to Squealer's story?

Squealer makes Napoleon sound like a true hero by lying. He makes Snowball look like a traitor who wants the humans to take over the farm. In doing so, he makes Napoleon look like more of a hero when he says that Napoelon kept on fighting. All the animals, except one, react to Squealer's story by accepting it as probably true. The exception is Boxer.

Why do apparently innocent animals confess to being traitors? How do the animals react to the executions?

The apparently innocent animals confess to being traitors because Napoleon scares them into doing so. He probably says that they will be tortured until they confess unless they confess of their own free will. The animals react to the executions by almost mourning. They cannot decide whether the mutiny of some of the animals or the killings of those animals is worse.

Who does Boxer blame for the executions? What does he vow to do?

Boxer blames himself and the other animals for the executions. He vows to work harder and wake up an hour earlier in the morning.

What do the animals, through the thoughts of Clover, finally admit to themselves?

Through the thoughts of Clover, the animals finally admit to themselves that the Rebellion had a worse affect than the animals expected. They did not expect animals to be killed by other animals. They did not expect that anyone wouldn't be able to speak their mind. They did not expect that there would be growling dogs watching the animals. They still believe they are better off without Mr. Jones.

Why does Napoleon order the animals to stop singing "Beasts of England"?

Napoleon orders the animals to stop singing "Beats of England." This is supposedly because the song is a song of waiting for a better society. According to Squealer, that society has been reached, so the animals have no reason to sing it. The real reason for banning it is so that the animals don't realize that the society they have is not the one they had hoped for which is sung about in "Beasts of England." Napoleon also doesn't want any of the animals to have any hope.

Summarize the message and/or theme of the song "Beasts of England." What does the song inspire the animals to do? Summarize the message and/or theme of Minimus's new song. What does the song inspire the animals to do?

The message of "Beasts of England" is to overthrow a person or some people in power if a citizen, or, in this case, an animal, does not like them. It also gives the animals hope. This song inspires the animals to rebel. The message of Minimus's new song is that governments, or, in this case, the animals' leader, Napoleon, protect their people and have the people's best interests in mind. The massage is also to protect the farm. This song inspires the animals to love their government and follow their leader. This song inspires the animals to put the farm before themselves.

Infer why narrator says "or thought they remembered" at the beginning of Chapter Eight.

The narrator says "or thought they remembered" at the beginning of Chapter Eight because he wants to make it seem like the animals are unsure of what is true and can be easily lied to.

Why was the killing of the animals in Chapter Seven "justified"?

The killing of the animals in Chapter Seven was "justified" because Napoleon did not want the animals to think he was doing something wrong. If he justified it by saying he did it with cause, then the animals would not question him.

Why does Squealer read the figures to the animals?

Squealer reads the figures to the animals because he wants to make them think they are doing well. By saying that food production is increasing, the animals may think they are getting more food and still believe that Napoleon is a better leader than Mr. Jones.

What other names are given to Napoleon? What is your reaction to these titles?

Other names that are given to Napoleon include "our Leader, Comrade Napoleon," "Father of All Animals," "Terror of Mankind," "Protector of the Sheep-fold," and "Ducklings' Friend." These titles lie about and exaggerate the goodness of Napoleon. The titles have irony.

Compare Minimus's poem with Napoleon's behavior and the actual living conditions of Animal Farm. How is the poem ironic?

Minimus's poem contradicts Napoleon's behavior and the actual living conditions of Animal Farm. It says that Napoleon gives them things that they want, but instead he takes away from them things that they want, including their lives. It also says that every animal gets fed until he/she is full twice a day, but Napoleon does not actually give the animals much food. The poem is ironic because it says that Napoleon is a good leader who makes Animal Farm a good place to live, but he is really cruel and makes the living conditions of the farm bad.

Who is Pinkeye and for what is he employed? Why has this become necessary?

Pinkeye is a young pig, and he is employed to taste Napoleon's food in case it is poisoned. This has become necessary because the animals think Napoleon may be murdered. They think this because three hens were said to have confessed to plotting to kill Napoleon after being inspired by Snowball to do so.

How do the pigs continually strip Snowball of his honor? What is the purpose of this degradation?

The pigs continually strip Snowball of his honor by saying that he never did the great things hat he did. The pigs told the animals the Snowball never received the award "Animal Hero, First Class." They said that this was a rumor Snowball spread. The pigs said Snowball really was told he acted like a coward. The purpose of this degradation is so that none of the animals like Snowball if he ever comes back. Instead, the animals will likely try to hurt or even kill him. This means that Napoleon will continue to be in power, and Snowball will have no chance of gaining any power.

What are the animals finally able to celebrate?

The animals are finally able to celebrate because they have finally finished the windmill.

How does Frederick double-cross Napoleon?

Frederick double-crosses Napoleon by paying him for the timber with forged bank-notes. Frederick also attacks the animals and their windmill soon afterwards.

What one act destroys the symbol of all the animals' work, but unites the animals again?

Frederick and his men blowing up the windmill destroys the symbol of all the animals' work, but unites the animals again. It unites them because it makes them angry and causes them to share a common enemy.

Why do you think Napoleon proclaims the drinking of alcohol punishable by death? What happened to him the night before?

Napoleon proclaims the drinking of alcohol punishable by death because he wants all of it for himself and those who help him start in power, such as the rest of the pigs. He also doesn't want any other animal to feel the pain of being hung over. The night before, he became drunk.

Why were the animals instructed to plow the grazing field? Why is this ironic?

The animals were instructed to plow the grazing field so that Napoleon could grow barley and make alcohol out of the barley. He told the animals something different. He said they needed to plow the field to re-seed it. This is ironic because the animals are not supposed to drink alcohol and because Boxer cannot retire in that field now although he deserves it.

How does another Commandment change at the end of this chapter?

Another Commandment changes at the end of this chapter through the act of Squealer adding two words to it where it is written on the wall of the barn. The words "to excess" were added to the Fifth Commandment, which originally said, "No animal shall drink alcohol."