Class 9 Biology Review Flashcards

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary and concepts from the Class 9 Biology curriculum, facilitating effective review and understanding.

Autotrophic Nutrition

A mode of nutrition where organisms synthesize their own food from simple inorganic materials using energy, typically via photosynthesis.

Heterotrophic Nutrition

A mode of nutrition where organisms cannot make their own food and depend on other organisms for nutrients.

Saprotrophic Nutrition

A mode of nutrition where organisms obtain food from dead and decaying organic matter by secreting enzymes that decompose complex substances.

Holozoic Nutrition

A type of heterotrophic nutrition where complex organic substances are ingested and digested by enzymes produced within the organism.

Parasitic Nutrition

A type of nutrition where parasites live on or inside a host organism, obtaining food without benefiting the host.

Photosynthesis

The process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy, usually from the Sun, into chemical energy stored in glucose.

Respiration

The biochemical process that converts glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water.

Anaerobic Respiration

A type of respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen, leading to the partial breakdown of glucose to release energy.

Aerobic Respiration

A type of respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen, fully breaking down glucose to release a larger amount of energy.

Villi

Microscopic, finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase the surface area for the absorption of nutrients.

Transpiration

The process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, primarily through stomata.

Xylem

The vascular tissue in plants that transports water and dissolved minerals from roots to the rest of the plant.

Phloem

The vascular tissue in plants that transports the products of photosynthesis, mainly sugars, from leaves to other parts of the plant.

Homeostasis

The ability to maintain a constant internal environment in response to environmental changes.

Cohesion

The attraction between molecules of the same substance, which helps water molecules stick together in plants.

Adhesion

The attraction between molecules of different substances, important for water movement in plants.

Nutrient Deficiency

A condition that arises when the body lacks essential nutrients, leading to various health issues.

Malnutrition

A condition resulting from an imbalanced diet where an individual's nutritional needs are not met.

Goiter

A condition caused by iodine deficiency leading to an enlarged thyroid gland.

Anemia

A deficiency in the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin, often caused by iron deficiency.