Fichas de aprendizaje AP Lang Final Study Guide | Quizlet

What are the 6 types of evidence for an argument essay

Fictional, Nonfictional, Current, Historical, Class concepts, and Personal experience.

What are the two ways to earn commentary points in an argument essay?

Warrants and ethical and political Implications

What is a warrant

Show the logical connection between data and thesis

What are the two types of implications that can be used in an argument essay?

-Ethical Implications: Morality; Who is harmed?
-Political Implications: Power; Who benefits?

What are the 3 effects of simple syntax?

Childish, Sad/Angry, and Dramatic.

What are the 2 effects of complex syntax?

Vivid Imagery and Complex Ideas

What are the 6 moral theories?

Utilitarianism, Moral Imperative, Pragmatism, The original position/ Veil of ignorance, Altruism, and Ethical egoism.

-Greatest good for the greatest number
-"Maximize the good"
-Teleological or "ends based" ethics

Utilitarianism

-Act only according to that maxim that should be universal law.
-Deontological (duty-based ethics)
-The ends don't justify the means!
-Objection: Can result in tragic ends.
-Sometimes the ends do justify the means.
-(Nazis at the door)

Moral imperative

-Consequentialist - Outcomes matter, not intentions.
-What is true or good is what works
-Aligns ethics with science
-Real and True are functional labels for inquiry only - no metaphysical reality

Pragmatism

-Principle of Justice as Fairness
-Ignore your own interests and desires
-Pretend that you do not know who you are in a given dilemma; which decision is most fair?

The original position/ veil of ignorance

-Unselfish devotion to others
-Help others with no
-expectation of reward
-Be willing to sacrifice own self-interest
-Morally right action is that which is best for everyone else, not yourself
-"Live for Others" -Auguste Comte

Altruism

-Empathy is Weakness
-Survival of the Fittest
-Philanthropy is Irrational
-Laissez-Faire Capitalism and Free Markets are good
-Tends toward Narcissism

Ethical egoism

What are the 6 parts of the Toulmin model?

Claim, Qualifier, Data (evidence), credentials, Warrant, and Backing

Claim

What are the 3 types of claims?

Policy, Fact, and Value

Something should (or should
not) be done.

Policy claim

Something is or is not real or true
Something is defined a certain way
Something causes something else

Fact Claim

Something is or is not good or desirable

Value claim

Characteristics of the data that make it
reliable, trustworthy, and/or valid.
Expertise (PhD) or Authority
Past Experience
Scientific Methodology
Triangulation with other Data
Physical or Empirical Evidence

Qualifier

Characteristics of the data that make it
reliable, trustworthy, and/or valid.
Expertise (PhD) or Authority
Past Experience
Scientific Methodology
Triangulation with other Data
Physical or Empirical Evidence

Data (evidence)

Characteristics of the data that make it
reliable, trustworthy, and/or valid.
Expertise (PhD) or Authority
Past Experience
Scientific Methodology
Triangulation with other Data
Physical or Empirical Evidence

Credentials

The reasoning which connects the
evidence to the claim.
Warrants are often assumed or
implied rather than stated explicitly.
Shows a logical connection between
the claim and the evidence.

Warrant

Support for the warrant.
Bolsters the connection and makes
the argument stronger.
Based on the values or beliefs that
underlie the warrant.

Backing