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Fall of Rome
The decline and fall of the Roman Empire in 395 AD due to invasions by Germanic forces and the Huns, civil war, social, and economic issues.
Justinian
Byzantine Emperor from 527 known for his campaigns, renewal of Caesar's authority, and the Justinian Code comprising 5,000 laws.
Hagia Sophia
A famous building project in Byzantium, a grand cathedral later turned into a mosque, showcasing the blend of church and state.
Great Schism
The split between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church in 1054 over issues like the Filioque clause and power struggles.
Crusades
Series of religious wars initiated by Pope Urban II, involving key figures like Peter the Hermit, aimed at reclaiming Jerusalem from the Seljuks.
Song Dynasty
Chinese dynasty (960-1279) known for innovations like moveable type, gunpowder, and porcelain, leading to economic growth and cultural advancements.
Genghis Khan
Mongol leader, originally Temujin, who became Genghis Khan, known for his success due to organization, strategy, new technology, and terrorism.
Heian Period
Japanese civilization period from 794-1185 characterized by elaborate rules, rituals, and cultural achievements like the Tale of Genji by Lady Murasaki Shikibu.
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