PSYCHOLOGY CH-5 CLASS 11

cognition

Sensation, attention & perception are different elements of the same process.

2 deep senses

kinesthetic and vestibular senses

Sensation

the initial experience of a stimulus or an object registered by any sense organ of the body

Psychophysics

the study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them

absolute threshold

the minimum intensity of stimulation that must occur before you experience a sensation

difference threshold

the smallest detectable difference between two stimuli

attention

process through which certain stimuli are selected from a group of others

alertness

The level of vigilance, readiness or caution of an individual.

Concentration

focusing of awareness on certain specific objects while excluding others for the moment

focus attention

the form of attention(not process oriented view) wherein the person is centred to something

fringe attention

the form of attention(not process oriented view) wherein the person is away from the centre of attention

selective attention

the ability to focus on only one stimulus from among all sensory input

Factors affecting selective attention

external factors

BROADBEND 1956

FILTER THEORY

TRESMAN 1962

FILTER ATTENUATIVE THEORY

Johnston & Heinz 1978

MULTIMODE THEORY

3 STAGES OF MULTIMODE THEORY

stage 1

sustained attention

Also known as vigilance

SUSTAINED ATTENTION

\____is concerned with concentration

Factors affecting sustained attention

Factors affecting\_____
1

Perception

The process through which we recognise, interpret and give meaning to the information gathered by sense organs.

bottom

up processing

top

down processing

factors affecting perception

factors of \___ are as follows :

form perception

the process by which sensations are organized into meaningful shapes and patterns

Principles of Gestalt Psychology

similarity, proximity, continuity, smallness, symmetry, surroundedness & closure are the principles of \______

space

the visual field or surface in which things exsist, move or can be placed

depth perception

the process of viewing the world in 3d

Cues

in perceiving depth, 2 main sources of information.

Monocular cues

also known as psychological cues/pictorial cues that require one eye

Motion parallax

the only kinetic & non pictorial monocular cue

binocular cues

depth cues, such as retinal disparity, that depend on the use of two eyes

binocular cues

retinal or binocular disparity
convergence
accommodation
all are some \_____cues

perceptual constancy

perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images change

types of perceptual constancies

size constancy, shape constancy, brightness constancy
are \________

Illusions

perceptions that misrepresent physical stimuli

primitive organisations

illusions occur from an external stimulus situation & generate the same kind of experience in mind also known as \____

Geometric illusions include

includes muller lyer illusion and vertical

Permanent illusions

illusions that are universal for all

personal illusions

illusions that vary from person to person

apparent movement illusion

when motionless pictures are played back to back to create an illusion of motion.
also known as phi phenomenon