Topic 4.2 - The Rise of Political Parties and Era of Jefferson

Revolution of 1800

Nickname for the election of 1800; given this nickname because power transferred from the Federalist Party to the Democratic-Republican Party.

1801 Judiciary Act

Law passed by the Federalist controlled Congress which created 6 new federal circuit courts and 16 new judgeships (judge positions).

Marbury vs. Madison (1801)

The decision established the principal of judicial review; the Supreme Court has the power to declare a law passed by Congress unconstitutional.

Alien and Sedition Acts

Two Federalist laws that were passed during John Adams' presidency but were allowed to expire under the Democratic President Thomas Jefferson.

Reduced the cost

What did President Jefferson do to encourage the settlement of western lands for yeoman farmers?

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

The 1803 acquisition by the United States of America of France's claim to the territory west of the Mississippi River. The U.S. paid $15 million for the purchase and doubled the size of the United States.

Napoleon

Who was the French leader that sold the Louisiana Territory to the U.S.?

Thomas Jefferson

Who was the President that purchased the Louisiana Territory?

The President's treaty making powers (outlined in Article II of the Constitution)

What presidential power did Thomas Jefferson use in making the Louisiana Purchase?

Lewis and Clark

Sent on an expedition by President Jefferson to gather information on the new Louisiana Purchase and map a route to the Pacific. They kept very careful maps and records of this new land.

12th Amendment

Brought about by the 1800 Presidential election in which Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied in electoral votes. This Amendment stated that electors would vote separately for president and vice-president.

Northern Confederacy

Many Federalists opposed the Louisiana Purchase because it threatened northeastern states manufacturing and population. These Federalists wanted New England states to secede and form the Northern Confederacy.

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

The state of Maryland attempted to tax the branch of the 2nd Bank of the United States that was located in Maryland. SCOTUS ruling based on Supremacy Clause; no state can tax institutions created by Congress.

Gibbons vs. Ogden (1824)

SCOTUS ruling which upheld broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerce.