APUSH Unit 5 part 2

secession

the formal withdrawal of a state from the Union

John Brown

Abolitionist who was hanged after leading an unsuccessful raid at Harper's Ferry, Virginia (1800-1858)

Harper's Ferry

John Brown's scheme to invade the South with armed slaves, backed by sponsoring, northern abolitionists; seized the federal arsenal; Brown and remnants were caught by Robert E. Lee and the US Marines; Brown was hanged

Constitutional Union Party

also known as the "do-nothings" or "Old Gentlemen's" party; 1860 election; it was a middle of the road group that feared for the Union- consisted mostly of Whigs and Know-Nothings, met in Baltimore and nominated John Bell from Tennessee as candidate for presidency-the slogan for this candidate was "The Union, the Constitution, and the Enforcement of the laws."

John Bell

A wealthy slaveowner from Tennessee who served in both the House and the Senate, he ran for U.S. President against Lincoln, Breckinridge, and Douglas in 1860 with the Constitutional Union Party on a moderate pro-slavery platform.

border states

States bordering the North: Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri. They were slave states, but did not secede.

Fort Sumter

Federal fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina; the confederate attack on the fort marked the start of the Civil War

Second American Revolution

Civil War transformed American into a complex modern industrial society of capital, technology, national organizations, and large corporations; Republicans able to stimulate the industrial and commercial growth of US

Jefferson Davis

President of the Confederate States of America

Alexander H. Stevens

provisional vice president of the Confederacy

Anaconda Plan

Northern Civil War strategy to starve the South by blockading seaports and controlling the Mississippi River

Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson

Confederate general whose men stopped Union assault during the Battle of Bull Run

George McClellen

Union leader whose problem was that he was elderly and hesitated to go into battle even though well-trained army; he would retreat; if he had been more apt then perhaps the Union would've won more battles and the war would've been shorter

Robert E. Lee

Confederate general who had opposed secession but did not believe the Union should be held together by force

Antietam

the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern soil. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with almost 23,000 casualties. After this "win" for the North, Lincoln announced the Emancipation Proclamation

Fredricksburg

A battle in which the Union tried to dislodge Confederates from their bunkers. This failed miserably and the Union lost two times as many men as the Confederates

Monitor and Merrimack

Battle between two ironclad ships, lasts five days and has no winner but changes the paradigm of naval warfare

Ulysses S. Grant

an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War.

Shiloh

This was battle fought by Grant in an attempt to capture the railroad of the South. The battle was fought in the west prevented the north from obtaining an easy victory. However, the Confederates strong resistance showed that they would not go quietly and the war was far from over.

David Farragut

Union naval admiral whose fleet captured New Orleans and Baton Rouge

Vicksburg

Grant besieged the city from May 18 to July 4, 1863, until it surrendered, yielding command of the Mississippi River to the Union.

Gettysburg

A large battle in the American Civil War, took place in southern Pennsylvania from July 1 to July 3, 1863. The battle is named after the town on the battlefield. Union General George G. Meade led an army of about 90,000 men to victory against General Robert E. Lee's Confederate army of about 75,000. Gettysburg is the war's most famous battle because of its large size, high cost in lives, location in a northern state, and for President Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address.

William Tecumseh Sherman

Union General who destroyed South during "march to the sea" from Atlanta to Savannah, example of total war

Habeus Corupus Clause

Article I Section 9

Federal courts use this Writ to bring a person before the court (hence produce the body) to determine if imprisonment is lawful

Emancipation Proclamation

Proclamation issued by Lincoln, freeing all slaves in areas still at war with the Union.

Massachusetts 54th Regiment

one of the first black units in the US Armed Forces. Earned place in history at Fort Wagner

Copperheads

Northern Democrats who opposed the Civil War and sympathized with the South

El Parte Milligan

after Civil War, where the Supreme Court ruled that the government had improperly subjected civilians to military trials

greenbacks

Name for Union paper money not backed by gold or silver. Value would fluctuate depending on status of the war (plural)

Morrill Tariff Act

This was an act passed by Congress in 1861 to meet the cost of the war. It raised the taxes on shipping from 5 to 10 percent however later needed to increase to meet the demanding cost of the war. This was just one the new taxes being passed to meet the demanding costs of the war. Although they were still low to today's standers they still raked in millions of dollars.

Homestead Act

Passed in 1862, it gave 160 acres of public land to any settler who would farm the land for five years. The settler would only have to pay a registration fee of $25.

Morrill Land Grant Act

passed by Congress in 1862, this law distributed millions of acres of western lands to state governments in order to fund state agricultural colleges.

Federal Land Grants

Federal gov. granted land for railroad companies to build more routes

Pacific Railway Act

1862 legislation to encourage the construction of a transcontinental railroad, connecting the West to industries in the Northeast (Union Pacific and Central Pacific RR)

Andrew Johnson

17th President of the United States, A Southerner form Tennessee, as V.P. when Lincoln was killed, he became president. He opposed radical Republicans who passed Reconstruction Acts over his veto. The first U.S. president to be impeached, he survived the Senate removal by only one vote. He was a very weak president.

Reconstruction

the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union

Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction

issued by Lincoln: offered full pardon to Southerners who would take oath of allegiance to the Union and acknowledge emancipation

Wade Davis Bill

an 1864 plan for Reconstruction that denied the right to vote or hold office for anyone who had fought for the Confederacy...Lincoln refused to sign this bill thinking it was too harsh.

Freedman's Bureau

provided: food, clothing, jobs, medical care, schools for former slaves and the poor whites

13th Amendment

Abolition of slavery

14th Amendment

Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws

Tenure of Office Act

Required the president to seek approval from the Senate before removing appointees.

15th Amendment

States cannot deny any person the right to vote because of race.

scalawags

Southern whites who supported Republican policy through reconstruction

Carpetbaggers

A northerner who went to the South immediately after the Civil War; especially one who tried to gain political advantage or other advantages from the disorganized situation in southern states

patronage

Granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support

Credit Moblier Affair

(1872) Fraudulent Railroad company payed by the federal government to work on the TcRR line at extremely inflated prices

Thomas Nast

Newspaper cartoonist who produced satirical cartoons, he invented "Uncle Sam" and came up with the elephant and the donkey for the political parties. He nearly brought down Boss Tweed.

Liberal Rebublicans

group of Republicans that broke with the Republican party over the Enforcement Acts scandals of the Grant administration

redeemers

Southern Democratic politicians who sought to wrest control from Republican regimes in the South after Reconstruction.

Ku Klux Klan

White supremacy organization that intimidated blacks out of their newly found liberties

Force Acts

Passed by Congress following a wave of Ku Klux Klan violence, the acts banned clan membership, prohibited the use of intimidation to prevent blacks from voting, and gave the U.S. military the authority to enforce the acts.

Black Codes

Southern laws designed to restrict the rights of the newly freed black slaves

sharecropping

A system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops. another form of slavery