American History EOC Study Guide

Social Contract

An implicit agreement between the people and their government about what each side provides to the other

John Locke

Pioneered the ideas of natural law, social contract, religious toleration, and the right to revolution

Declaration of Independence

an official act taken by all 13 American colonies in declaring independence from British Rule

Articles of Confederation

the original constitution of the US, ratified in 1781, which was replaced by the US Constitution in 1789.

Federalism

the division and sharing of power between the national and state governments.

Delegated Powers

those powers granted to the national government under the United States Constitution.

Reserved Powers

laws that are not specifically given to the national government and are reserved for the states.

Separation of Powers

an act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies.

Legislative Branch

Makes all laws, declares war, regulates interstate and foreign commerce and control taxing and spending policies. Made up of the House of Representatives (population) and the Senate(two per state) that make up congress

Executive Branch

President and his cabinet. Conducts diplomacy with other nations. President negotiates and signs treaties.

Judicial branch

Decided the constitutionality of federal laws and resolved other disputes about federal laws.

Ratification

the action of signing or giving formal consent to a treaty, contract, or agreement, making it officially valid

Federalists

Those who supported the Constitution and a stronger national republic

Anti-Federalists

Those who opposed the ratification of the Constitution in favor of small localized government. Wanted a Bill of Rights

Bill of Rights

The Bill of Rights is the first 10 Amendments to the Constitution. It spells out Americans' rights in relation to their government. It guarantees civil rights and liberties to the individual—like freedom of speech, press, and religion

Industrial Revolution

Shifted societies from an agrarian economy to a manufacturing economy where products were no longer made solely by hand but by machines. This led to increased production and efficiency, lower prices, more goods, improved wages, and migration from rural areas to urban areas.

Cotton Gin

a machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds, enabling much greater productivity than manual cotton separation. Invented by Eli Whitney

13th Amendment

abolished slavery

14th Amendment

African Americans were now citizens of the United States

15th Amendment

All African American men were given the right to vote

Ku Klux Klan

a violent secret fraternal society founded in 1915 in Georgia to maintain white Protestant cultural and political power

Assimilation

to absorb into the cultural tradition of a population or group

Great Plains

A flat, generally dry, and grassy region that makes up about one-third of the territory of the United StatesA

Transcontinental Railroad

A train route across the United States that was finished in 1869. The route connected the east and west regions of the U.S. by Railroad for the first time

Henry Beseemer

Known for creation of the Bessemer converter. it was a major advancement for steel making

Thomas Edison

contributed inventions such as the incandescent light bulb, the phonograph, and the motion picture camera, as well as improving the telegraph and telephone.

Alexander Graham Bell

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Andrew Carnegie

Monopoly

J.P. Morgan

John D. Rockerfeller

Sherman Anti-Trust ACt

New Immigrants

Ellis Island

Melting Pot

Nativism

Chinese Exclusion Act

Wright Brothers

Booker T. Washington

W.E.B. DuBois

Lynching

Ida B. Wells

Jim Crow laws

Plessy v. Ferguson

“Separate But Equal”

Prohibition

Muckrackers

Henry Ford

Sufferage

Upton Sinclair

theodore Roosevelt

Meat Inspection Act

NAACP

Progressives

Woodrow wilson

Imperialism

World War I

Fourteen Points

Stalin

Mussolini

Hitler

Nazi Party

World War II

Holocaust

Axis Powers

Allied Powers (WWII)

Pearl Harbor

Manhattan Project

Dwight Eisenhower

Tuskegee Airmen

League of Nations

Treaty of Versailles

Reparations

War Guilt Clause

Communism

Red Scare

Sacco and Vanzetti

Roaring Twenties

Langston Hughes

HarmemRenaissance

Black Tusday

Great Depression

Dust Bowl

Herbert Hoover

Hoovervilles

FDR

New Deal

FDIC

Securities and Exchange Commission

AAA

CCC

WPA

D-Day

Harry Truman

Navajo Windtalkers

Hiroshima

Nagasaki

Japanese Internment

United Nations