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muscle
muscul/o, my/o, myos/o
fascia
fasci/o
tendons
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
bi-
twice, double, two
clon/o
violent action
dys-
bad, difficult, painful
fasci/o
fascia, fibrous band
fibr/o
fibrous tissue, fiber
-ia
abnormal condition, disease, plural of -ium
-ic
pertaining to
kines/o, kinesi/o
movement
-lysis
to set free, break down
my/o
muscle
-plegia
paralysis, stroke
tax/o
coordination, order
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
tendon, stretch out, extend, strain
ton/o
tone, stretching, tension
tri-
three
abduction
the movement of a limb (arm or leg) away from the midline of the body
adduction
the movement of a limb (arm or leg) toward the midline of the body
adhesion
a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally
ataxia
the lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement
atonic
lacking normal muscle tone or strength
atrophy
weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures
bradykinesia
extreme slowness in movement
carpal tunnel syndrome
swelling that creates pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel
chronic fatigue syndrome
a disease of unknown cause that affects many body systems, with symptoms similar to those of fibromyalgia
circumduction
the circular movement at the far end of a limb
compartment syndrome
involves the compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the compartment, an enclosed space created by the fascia that separates groups of muscles in the arm or leg; this syndrome can be caused by trauma, tight bandages or casts, or repetitive activities such as running
dorsiflexion
the movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle
dyskinesia
distortion or impairment of voluntary movement
dystonia
a movement disorder characterized by the involuntary and sometimes repetitive contraction of certain muscles
electromyography
a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation
epicondylitis
the inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow
ergonomics
the study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment
exercise physiologist
a specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness
fasciitis
inflammation of a fascia
fibromyalgia
a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain; and a wide range of other symptoms
heel spur
a calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the heel
hemiparesis
slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body
hemiplegia
total paralysis affecting only one side of the body
hernia
occurs when tissue, such as part of an internal organ, protrudes through a weak area in the muscle normally containing it
hyperkinesia
abnormally increased muscle function or activity
hypotonia
a condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles
impingement syndrome
inflammation of tendons that get caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint
innervation
the stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve
insertion
where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon; in contrast to the origin, the insertion is the more moveable attachment, and it is the farthest point from the midline of the body
intermittent claudication
pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest
muscular dystrophy
a group of more than 30 genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement, without affecting the nervous system.
myasthenia gravis
a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces weakness and rapid fatigue of voluntary muscles
myoclonus
the quick, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles
myofascial release
a specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorders, and carpal tunnel syndrome.
myoparesis
weakness or slight muscular paralysis
myorrhapy
surgical suturing of a muscle
neuromuscular
pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle
oblique
slanted or at an angle
origin
where the muscle begins; located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton. This is the less movable attachment.
paralysis
the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply
paraplegia
paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body
physiatrist
a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function
plantar fasciitis
inflammation of the planter fascia causing foot or heel pain when walking or running
polymyositis
muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body.
pronation
the act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward and backward
quadriplegia
paralysis of all four extremities
sacropenia
the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging
shin splint
pain causes by the muscle tearing away from the tibia
singultus
myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm
sphincter
a ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway
sprain
injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee, or wrist, that usually involves a wrenched or torn ligament
tendinopathy
the general tern for irritation of degeneration of a tendon in any joint, for example in the rotator cuff
tenodesis
surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to bone
tenolysis
the release of a tendon from adhesions
tenosynovitis
inflammation of the health around a tendon
tenotomy
surgical cutting of a tendon to provide release or allow lengthening
torticollis
a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side
transverse
in a crosswise direction
muscle fibers
long, slender cells that make up muscles
fascia
a band of connective tissue that envelops, separates, or bind together muscles or groups of muscles. is flexible to allow muscle movements
myofascial
pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia
tendon
a narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone
skeletal muscles
are attached to the bones of the skeleton and make body movements possible
smooth muscles
are located in the walls of internal organs such as the digestive tract, blood vessels, and ducts leading from glands. Their function is to move and control the flow of fluids through these structures
myocardial muscles
aka myocardium or cardiac muscle
forms the muscular walls of the heart
contraction
the tightening of a muscle. as the muscle contracts, it becomes shorter and thicker, causing the belly (center) of the muscle to enlarge
relaxation
when a muscle returns to its original form. as the muscle relaxes, it becomes longer and thinner and the belly(center) is no longer enlarged
flexion
decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint. during this, the knee or elbow is bent
extension
increasing the angle between two bones or the straightening out of a limb. during this, the knee or elbow is straightened
hyperextension
the extreme or overextension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit
elevation
the act of raising or lifting a body part
depression
the act of lowering of a body part
depressor anguli oris
lowers the corner of the mouth into a frown
rotation
a circular movement around an axis such as the shoulder joint
supination
the act of rotating the arm or the leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned forward or upward
pectoralis major
a thick, fan-shaped muscle situated on the anterior chest wall. names for location- pectoral means relating to the chest
lateralis
means toward the side
medialis
means toward the midline
rectus
means in a straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body
biceps brachii
aka biceps
forms from two divisions (bi=2)
triceps brachii
aka triceps
is formed from 3 divisions (tri=3)
gluteus maximus
largest muscle of the buttock
maximus means large or great