Chemistry

What are the particles found in the nucleus of an atom?

Neutrons and protons.

How are elements arranged in the periodic table?

By increasing atomic number.

What do groups in the periodic table indicate?

Elements with similar chemical properties.

What do periods in the periodic table represent?

The number of electron shells in the atoms.

In which direction do groups run in the periodic table?

Down.

In which direction do periods run in the periodic table?

Across.

What are the three main groups of elements in the periodic table?

Metals, non-metals, and metalloids.

What is a characteristic of metals?

They typically conduct electricity and heat.

What is a characteristic of non-metals?

They are generally dull in appearance and poor conductors of heat and electricity.

What are metalloids?

Elements with intermediate properties between metals and non-metals.

What is the configuration of electron shells?

2, 8, 16, 32.

What is atomic radius?

The distance from the atom's nucleus to the outermost shell.

What does reactivity refer to?

How easily an atom loses or gains an electron.

What is electronegativity?

A measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons in a chemical bond.

What occurs during ionic bonding?

A metal transfers electrons to a non-metal, forming oppositely charged ions that attract each other.

What happens to metals during ionic bonding?

They lose electrons to become positively charged ions (cations).

What happens to non-metals during ionic bonding?

They gain electrons to become negatively charged ions (anions).

What is the result of ionic bonding?

The formation of a strong ionic bond and a giant lattice structure.

What property do ionic compounds typically have?

High melting and boiling points.

When do ionic compounds conduct electricity?

When dissolved in water or molten, but not when solid.

What is an ion?

An atom or molecule that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in an electrical charge.

What is a cation?

A positively charged ion formed when an atom loses electrons.

What is an anion?

A negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains electrons.

How do you name ionic compounds?

Name + name-ide (remove 'ine' from the name).

What does Cl⁻ become when named?

Chloride.

What does O²⁻ become when named?

Oxide.

What is the formula for Al³⁺ and P³⁻ combined?

AlP.