Fluid, elec, acid base balance

percentage of bw water

60%

Of the 60% bw water what percentage is EC and IC

40% IC, 20% EC-15% interstitial, 5% plasma

Hydrostatic pressure

outward pressure of plasma against walls of capillaries (push out), greater than oncotic in arterial end

Oncotic pressure

pressure of plasma proteins due to osmotic effect (Pull in/suction), colloid, greater than hydrostatic at venous end

Interstitial space

3rd space, extravascular space between cells

edema

excess fluid in extravascular, intracellular, and intercellular spaces

Pitting edema

pressing area displaces fluid, leaves impression, no protein presence, more cardiac related

Non pitting edema

non compressible, chronic lymphodema, absorbs proteins which is why its hard

Hypovolemia

fluid volume deficit, decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure, decreased urine output, BP, flat neck veins RAAS system active

Hypervolemia

Expansion of EC fluid volume, hypernatremia (too much Na+)

What can hypervolemia be caused by

organ failure like heart, liver, or renal

electrolytes

break apart into charged particles when dissolved in water (ions)

What electrolytes are intracellular

3 P’s plus Mg, Potassium, Phosphates, proteins

What electrolytes are extracellular

Na and Cl

Why is ion balance important

cell functions like nerve impulse transmission, muscle cxn, and resting pot of cell mem

Na fxn

fluid reg, osmosis—disturbance, cell swells or shrinks

Potassium fxn

resting mem pot, disturbance- cell mem issues

Calcium fxn

increase action pot, increase excitability, LOW-more excitable, HIGH- less excitable

Mg fxn

affects active transport of Na and K, disturbance- heart arrhythmia

Cl fxn

attracted to cations, mainly Na

Hyponatremia

too little sodium, fatigue, pulmonary edema, CNS, diarrhea can cause

Hypernatremia

too much sodium, excessive thirst, freq urination, nausea

Hypokalemia

too little potassium, caused by vomitting, diarrhea, and diuretics

Hyperkalemia

too much potassium, tall T waves

Tonicity

osmolarity of a solution relative to plasma

Osmolarity

total number of osmoles in a volume of water, mainly Na

Hypotonic

high intrAcellular concentration, low serum Na, more urination, RASS active

Isotonic

same intra and extracellular osmolarity (Na conc)

Hypertonic

Na content is decreased in the cell and great EC conc, stimulates osmoreceptors in hypothalamus to release ADH , less urine and more thirst

Acidosis

excess H+ ion in body fluid

Alkalosis

excess removal of H+ ion from body fluid

What regulates acid/alkalosis

kidneys by excreting or reabsorbing bicarbonate, lungs can also

Number for acidemia

arterial blood pH <7.35

Alkalemia #

pH>7.45

what pH’s will kill you

<7 or >7.7

In respiratory acid/alkalosis what is normal, what is not

CO2 is not normal (high in acidosis, low in alkalosis) and HCO3 is normal

What is normal/not in metabolic acid/alkalosis

normal CO2, not normal HCO3 (low in acidosis, high in alkalosis)