True chapter 14 v2

What Percent of blood volume is plasma

55%

Water percentage in plasma

91.5%

Percentage of solutes in plasma

8.5%

Major plasma proteins

Albumin, globulins, fibrinogen

Primary function of albumin

Maintain osmotic pressure in the blood

Function of globulins

Immune response (antibodies)

Role of fibrinogen

Converted into fibrin during blood clotting

Factor number for fibrinogen

Factor I

Normal RBC count

About 5.4 million per microliter

Shape of red blood cells

Biconcave disc

Do red blood cells have a nucleus?

No, they are anucleate

Lifespan of a red blood cell

About 120 days

Protein carrying oxygen in RBCs

Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin bound to oxygen

Oxyhemoglobin

Hemoglobin bound to carbon dioxide

Carbaminohemoglobin

Gas released by RBCs causing vasodilation

Nitric oxide (NO)

Effect of nitric oxide on blood pressure

Lowers blood pressure through vasodilation

Stimulus for erythropoiesis

Hypoxia (low oxygen)

Hormone increasing RBC production in hypoxia

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Reticulocyte count measures

Rate of red blood cell production

Normal reticulocyte percentage

0.5–1.5%

Hematocrit measures

Percentage of red blood cells in whole blood

Low hematocrit level condition

Anemia

RBC breakdown products of hemoglobin

Globin and heme

What happens to the globin portion of hemoglobin

Broken into amino acids and reused to make proteins

Breakdown pathway of heme

Heme - Biliverdin - Bilirubin - Bile

Storage of bilirubin

In the gallbladder as bile

Normal WBC count

5,000–10,000 per mm³

Most abundant WBC

Neutrophils (54–62%)

Main function of neutrophils

Phagocytosis of bacteria

WBC increasing during allergic reactions

Eosinophils

Percentage of WBCs that are eosinophils

1–3%

WBC that releases histamine and heparin

Basophils

Monocytes in tissues become

Macrophages

Function of B lymphocytes

Produce antibodies

Function of T lymphocytes

Attack infected or abnormal cells

Process for WBCs to leave bloodstream

Diapedesis

MHC molecules

Surface proteins that identify self vs. non-self

Normal platelet count

150,000–400,000 per mm³

Platelet production is called

Thrombopoiesis

Hormone stimulating platelet production

Thrombopoietin

Final step of the clotting cascade

Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

Extrinsic pathway activation factor

Tissue thromboplastin from damaged tissue

Hageman factor

Factor XII

Factor XII activates

Intrinsic pathway

Difference between thrombosis and embolism

Thrombosis is a stationary clot; embolism is a traveling clot

What does a CBC measure?

RBCs, WBCs, and platelets

What does a WBC differential count measure?

Percentage of each type of WBC

What percent of blood volume is formed elements?

45 percent