truman, eisenhower, and kennedy

containment

policy of blocking Soviet expansion and preventing the spread of communism

Truman doctrine

policy of aiding Turkey and Greece from communist/Soviet takeover

Marshall Plan

aid to European nations to rebuild and deter the spread of communism

Berlin airlift

reaction to Soviet blockading access to American sector of Berlin, the US continues to give aid via dropping supplies from planes above

military industrial complex

relationship between a country’s military and the defense industry that supplies it, warning about the dangers of war and growth of the defense industry

NATO

pact between Western countries promising mutual defense if another is attacked

Eisenhower Doctrine

US will provide aid to any Middle Eastern countries resisting communism

Suez Crisis

the treat of Egyptian dominance in the Middle East will encourage US involvement

Hungarian Revolution

Hungarians rebelled against USSR and called to the US for help because of the Marshall Plan, US declines to assist in order to avoid war with the USSR

National Security Act

created the Department of Defense and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

Richard Nixon

Young California Congressman whose investigation of Alger Hiss spurred fears of
communists influence in America

Joseph McCarthy

Wisconsin senator whose charges of communist infiltration of the US government
deepening the anti-red atmosphere

Sputnik

Soviet scientific achievement that set off a wave of American concern about the Soviet
superiority in science and education

Flexible Response

Kennedy’s strategy for the Cold War, allowed for a variety of military options

Cuba

New nation that turned to communism in the Western hemisphere that JFK quarantined

Bay of Pigs

Failed invasion to overthrow Fidel Castro of Cuba

Nuclear Test Ban Treaty and Hotline

Two rules created after the Cuban Missile Crisis

Cuban Missile Crisis

a dangerous confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1962 during the Cold War

Khrushchev reason to build the Berlin Wall?

To stop the flow of migration out of the Soviet Union

the reasons why the Red scare was heightened in the 1950s – 1960s.

Soviets created the bomb, Soviet spies in America, loyalty review boards, HUAC and the Hollywood 10, anti-communist foreign policy and spies such as Alger Hiss and the Rosenberg’s

Reasons for US involvement in Korea?

clear test for containment, prevent the spread of communism expansion

Problems for Truman?

stalemate, MacArthur wanted drop the atomic bomb

How did the Korean war end?

cease fire and divided the 38" parallel, North Korea communist and South Korea democratic

The impact the Gl Bill will have in the US

Increase college enrollment, increased white collar workforce, educated the veterans, delayed unemployment of veterans, increased homes built because of the VA loan, increased # of businesses because VA loan

political impact of the TV

JFK debates, Ike - TV ad Nixon - checkers speech, government used it for communists hearings, used by the civil rights movement

economic impact of the TV

buying habits = credit, new technology in industry (buy new items)

social impact of the TV

cult of domesticity, men are bread winners

change in workforce

Moved from Blue Collar to White Collar, sold the idea of cult of domesticity (women should be at home)

Baby boom

Dramatic increase in the population from 1945-1960

GI Bill

secured education benefits, low interest and business loans for veterans

Little Rock Crisis

test over the enforcement of Brown v. Board of education

Brown v. Board of Education

overturned Plessy v. Ferguson in public schools

March on Washington

movement to gain support for civil rights and economic rights legislation

Mendez v. Westminster and Delgado v. Del Rio

stopped segregation of Mexican American children in schools

Sweatt v. Painter

stuck down segregation at the professional college

Bus boycott

year long boycott that will challenge segregation in travel

dixiecrats

group that slowed legislative process for civil rights

sunbelt

southern 15 states that will gain massive population and political power

tactics used by the civil Rights movement to achieve change

Sit-ins, nonviolent protest, boycotts, marches, TV, use of the Supreme Court

Truman presidential actions to support the civil rights movement

desegregated armed forces and hiring process in federal government

Eisenhower presidential actions to support the civil rights movement

little Rock

JFK presidential actions to support the civil rights movement

help college students integrate Ole Miss and Alabama, helped freedom riders

conformity in the 1950s

V, Levittown’s, couples activities, keeping up with the Jones’s, fear of communism, white flight

challenge to conformity

Rock N Roll and Beatniks

policies encouraging people to move to the suburbs

Federal Highway Act, low interest loans, white flight (Jim Crown bans minorities residency in suburban
neighborhoods) and cheap housing

Explain the March on Washington

Civil rights groups will march on Washington to demand Congress to make laws to protect African
Americans

Explain the factors for the economic boom of the 1950s

Higher education, military spending, NASA, baby boom, free trade agreements and more funding to
schools

the factors for the increase in the population

Baby boom and penicillin