Chapter 10 APES

food security

guarantee for people will have access to reliable and available food supply

herbicide

a pesticide to kill unwanted plants

feedlot

raising livestock in small confined areas

by-catch

the unintended catch of non-target marine life

organic agriculture

a type of agriculture that solely relies on biological approaches

superweeds

weeds resistant to pesticides

GM food

food derived from genetically modified organisms

plasmid

genetic material, often circular and found in bacteria

community-supported agriculture

Consumers fund a local farm upfront and get fresh produce during harvest.

genetically modified organism

an organism, usually a plant or an animal, whose DNA has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.

aquaculture

raising aquatic organisms in controlled

environments

insecticide

a type of pesticide used to kill unwanted insects

genetic engineering

the process whereby scientists alter an organism's genetic material

pesticide

substance used to prevent, destroy, repel, or control unwanted organisms.

pollination

The fertilization of a female plant gamete by a male gamete.

integrated pest management

the combination of methods to manage pests to achieve long-term suppression of unwanted pests

evolutionary arms race

Competing genes evolve adaptations and counter-adaptations

cultivars

the different varieties of a particular plant species

low-input agriculture

Farming with reduced use of pesticides, fertilizers, water, and energy.

superpests

describes pests that have developed a resistance to pesticides

undernourished

consume less calories than required

Norman Borlaug

"Father of the Green Revolution"

recombinant DNA

genetic material that is created by combining DNA sequences

precautionary principle

must prove it's safe if it might cause harm.

fungicide

a type of pesticide used to kill unwanted fungi

seed banks

institutions that collect and preserve different types of seeds for the future

biological control

Controlling pests by boosting their natural enemies

overnutrition

consume more calories than required to

sustainable agriculture

a type of agriculture that does not deplete and/or degrade the soils faster

malnourished

lack all the nutrients that their bodies require

Monsanto

90% of the world's genetically engineered seeds