ARE 309 (Quiz Topic 7) Air Quality Regulation

A goal of environmental regulation is:

Select one:

a.

Force economic participants to internalize the environmental costs of production

b.

reduce economic inequality

c.

reduce the trade deficit

d.

Compensate property owners for coal ash spills

e.

reduce the number of coal miners

Force economic participants to internalize the environmental costs of production

What medium does the Clean Air Act identify as the baseline measurement of pollution?

Select one:

a.

Common Sense

b.

Ambient Air

c.

Waters of the United States

d.

Economic feasibility

b.

Ambient Air

What are the regulations called which identify thresholds for criteria pollutants?

Select one:

a.

National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)

b.

National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPS)

c.

North American Industry Classification System

d.

The Yellow Pages

a.

National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)

The Clean Air Act authorizes the EPA to regulate which two types of pollution sources?

Select one:

a.

Stationary and mobile sources

b.

Point-source and non-point sources

c.

generators and arrangers

a.

Stationary and mobile sources

The Clean Air Act regulates ambient air quality by placing national standards on a class of six pollutants called ____ (criteria pollutants, hazardous air pollutants, rulemaking, Administrative Procedures Act). The Act also prescribes national standards for 187 pollutants shown to be dangerous to humans, these are called _____(criteria pollutants, hazardous air pollutants, rulemaking, Administrative Procedures Act). Each standard for each pollutant must go through the _______ (criteria pollutants, hazardous air pollutants, rulemaking, Administrative Procedures Act) process prescribed by the _______(criteria pollutants, hazardous air pollutants, rulemaking, Administrative Procedures Act).

The Clean Air Act regulates ambient air quality by placing national standards on a class of six pollutants called criteria pollutants. The Act also prescribes national standards for 187 pollutants shown to be dangerous to humans, these are called hazardous air pollutants. Each standard for each pollutant must go through the rulemaking process prescribed by the Administrative Procedures Act.

Titles I and II of the Clean Air Act each regulate a different category type of pollution source.  What are they?

Select one:

a.

Stationary and Mobile

b.

Point Source and Non-Point Source

c.

Fast and Furious

d.

Arbitrary and Capricious

a. Stationary and Mobile

National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) were initially set by EPA regulation after 1970, and included two sub-standards for each criteria pollutant.  The first category concerns primary standards, which protects human                                      and the other concerns secondary standards, which protects human                                 .

Select one:

a.

health (and) welfare

b.

freedom (and) happiness

c.

sturm (und) drang

d.

comfort (and) enjoyment

a.

health (and) welfare

A function of a State Implementation Plan is to what?

Select one:

a.

Advise EPA whether regulation of certain pollutants will hurt certain industries within the state

b.

Design technology to control certain pollutants

c.

Describe how the state will implement federal standards of pollution control technology to achieve national air quality standards within its Air Quality Control Regions

c.

Describe how the state will implement federal standards of pollution control technology to achieve national air quality standards within its Air Quality Control Regions

Which criteria pollutant can pollute the lower earth atmosphere yet is critical to deflecting unltraviolet radiation in the upper atmosphere?

Select one:

a.

Particulate Matter

b.

Sulfur Dioxide

c.

Nitrogen Dioxide

d.

Ozone

ozone

What is an example of an indirect mobile source of air pollution?

Select one:

a.

a parking garage

b.

an "Eighteen Wheel" tractor trailer

c.

commercial passenger plane

NOT b.

an "Eighteen Wheel" tractor trailer

a. a parking garage?

The 1977 Amendments to the Clean Air Act introduced which concept(s) to air quality regulation?

Select one:

a.

Designation of AQCRs as "Attainment" and "Non-Attainment" for the various pollutants

b.

Require Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT) technology for previously-grandfathered direct sources in non-attainment areas

c.

Offset requirements for new sources in non-attainment areas

d.

Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) in attainment areas

e.

All of these

all of these

Which statement below is not true of lawsuits initiated under the Clean Air Act "citizen suit" provision authorized under 42 U.S.C. §7604?

Select one:

a.

A person must notify the EPA that it intends to sue a polluter, and may only file a lawsuit if the EPA has failed to take action against the polluter within 60 days of such notice

b.

In addition to attorneys fees and costs, an environmental group can reap mad money damages for its membership if it wins a case against a polluter

c.

A citizen suit can be initiated against an individual polluter or the EPA for failing to enforce the Clean Air Act against an individual polluter

d.

A person, though authorized to bring a lawsuit under the Clean Air Act, must nonetheless meet the criteria for standing as outlined in Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife to proceed with the case

b.

In addition to attorneys fees and costs, an environmental group can reap mad money damages for its membership if it wins a case against a polluter

Which statement below is true of State Implementation Plans under current Clean Air Act?

Select one:

a.

Each state prioritizes which pollutants it considers most essential to its economy

b.

Each state has discretion determine which technology threshold - Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) or Best Available Control Technology (BACT) - to require of proposed (new) stationary sources of hazardous air pollutants based on what the new source applicant can afford.

c.

Where an AQCR within a state has attained the NAAQS for a criteria pollutant, the state SIP focuses on Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD)  protocols for air quality in that AQCR by requiring new direct sources to employ Best Available Control Technology (BACT) for that pollutant in order to receive an operating permit.

c.

Where an AQCR within a state has attained the NAAQS for a criteria pollutant, the state SIP focuses on Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD)  protocols for air quality in that AQCR by requiring new direct sources to employ Best Available Control Technology (BACT) for that pollutant in order to receive an operating permit.

A pulp mill built in 1960 operating before 1977, emitting Sulfur Dioxide, Nitrogen Oxides and Particulate Matter

No Tech Requirement

A pulp mill built in 1960, seeking a permit for a major modification to its facility in 1974 to emit Sulfur Dioxide, Nitrogen Oxides and Particulate Matter

NOT No Tech Requirement

NOT Best Available Control Technology?

A pulp mill modified in 1974, seeking a renewal permit to emit Sulfur Dioxide in an AQCR identified as a Non-Attainment Area for SO2 in 1980

NOT Lowest Available Emissions Rate

NOT Best Available Control Technology

A pulp mill modified in 1974, seeking a renewal permit to emit Particulate Matter in an AQCR identified as an Attainment Area for PM in 1980

NOT No Tech Requirement

NOT Reasonably Available Control Technology

A pulp mill modified in 1974, seeking a renewal permit to emit NO2 in an AQCR identified as a Non-Attainment Area for NO2 in 1980

Lowest Available Emissions Rate

A pulp mill modified in 1974, seeking a permit renewal in 1991 for emissions of chlorinated compounds (a hazardous air pollutant listed in the NESHAPs)

Maximum Available Control Technology (MACT)