HOSA Bowl - Med. Terms Ch. 2

aden/o

gland

adip/o

fatty tissue

anter/o

before, in front

caud/o

lower part of body, tail

cephal/o

head, pertaining to head

cyt/o

cell

-cyte

cell

end-

inside, within

endo-

within

exo-

outside

hist/o

tissue

-ologist

specialist

-ology

study of

path/o

disease

-pathy

disease

plas/i

development, growth, formation

plas/o

formation

-plasia

development, formation, growth

poster/o

back, behind

-stasis

standing still

-static

Having no motion or change

abdominal cavity

Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver, and other organs

adenocarcinoma

cancerous tumor of glandular tissue

adenoma

tumor of a gland

anaplasia

a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other

anatomy

The study of body structure

anomaly

deviation from what is normal

anterior

front

aplasia

lack of development

atresia

absence of normal body opening

autopsy

the examination of a corpse to determine the cause of death

bloodborne transmission

the spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids that are contaminated with blood

caudal

toward the tail

cephalic

pertaining to the head

chromosome

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

communicable disease

a disease that is spread from one host to another

congenital disorder

an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth

cytoplasm

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended

distal

away from the point of attachment

dorsal

back

dysplasia

abnormal development

endemic

A disease that is particular to a locality or region.

endocrine glands

Glands of the endocrine system that release hormones into the bloodstream

epidemic

A widespread outbreak of an infectious disease.

epigastric region

located above the stomach

etiology

cause of disease

exocrine glands

secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body

functional disorder

produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified

genetic disorder

An abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes

geriatrician

a physician who specializes in the care of older people

hemophilia

A hereditary disease where blood does not coagulate to stop bleeding

histology

study of tissues

homeostasis

A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level

hyperplasia

increase in number of cells

hypertrophy

increase in muscle size

hypogastric region

located below the stomach

hypoplasia

incomplete development of an organ or tissue

iatrogenic illness

an unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment

idiopathic disease

a disease that develops without a known or apparent cause

infectious disease

an illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses

inguinal

groin

medial

toward the midline

messentery

fine peritoneal membrane that holds in place the coils of the small intestine

midsagittal plane

divides the body into equal right and left halves

nosocomial infection

an infection acquired during hospitalization

pandemic

worldwide epidemic

pathology

study of disease

pelvic cavity

Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

peritoneum

membrane that lines the abdominal cavity

peritonitis

inflammation of the peritoneum

physiology

The study of body function

posterior

toward the back

proximal

Closer to the point of attachment

retroperitoneal

located behind the peritoneum

stem cells

unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division

syndrome

a group of symptoms

thoracic cavity

contains heart and lungs

transverse plane

horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions

umbilicus

depression on the abdomen marking site of entry of umbilical cord

vector-borne transmission

the spread of certain disease due to the bite of a vector

ventral

belly side

saggital plane

divides the body into left and right halves

coronal (frontal) plane

vertical division of the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions

-poietic

formation

genetic disorder (hereditary disease)

a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene

cystic fibrosis

A genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both the respiratory and digestive systems.

down syndrome

a condition of intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.

fragile x syndrome

a disorder produced by injury to a gene on the X chromosome, producing mild to moderate mental retardation

Huntington's disease

A human genetic disease caused by a dominant allele; characterized by uncontrollable body movements and degeneration of the nervous system

marfan syndrome

autosomal dominant; pleiotropic; tall, weak heart

muscular dystrophy

group of hereditary diseases characterized by degeneration of muscle and weakness

phenylketonuria

a genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing

adenitis

inflammation of a gland

adenosis

abnormal condition of a gland

postmortem

after death

health care proxy

a person chosen by another person to make medical decisions if the second person becomes unable to do so

living will

A document that indicates what medical intervention an individual wants if he or she becomes incapable of expressing those wishes.

DNR

do not resuscitate

general practitioner

a physician who diagnoses and treats a variety of common health problems

internist

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the internal organs and related body systems