Nutritional Assessment

What are the two main types of malnutrition identified in nutritional screening?

Undernutrition and overnutrition.

What does undernutrition encompass?

Unintended weight loss, chronic diseases, medications, malabsorptive states, and socioeconomic barriers.

What is the formula for Body Mass Index (BMI)?

Weight (kg) / height (m²).

How is Ideal Body Weight (IBW) calculated for males?

IBW = 50 kg + 2.3 (height in inches over 60).

Define Adjusted Body Weight (AdjBW).

AdjBW = IBW + 0.4(TBW - IBW).

What is the normal range for Albumin in g/dL?

3.5-5.0 g/dL.

What does a high C-Reactive Protein (CRP) level indicate?

Inflammation, infection, or trauma.

What is the weight threshold for Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) in mg/dL?

7-20 mg/dL.

What is the Harris-Benedict Equation used for?

To estimate energy requirements in adults.

How do you calculate the Basal Energy Expenditure (BEE) for females using the Harris-Benedict Equation?

BEE = 655 + (9.6 x weight (kg) + 1.8 x height (cm)) - 4.7 x age.

What nutrient deficiency is caused by medications like ACEi and thiazides?

Zinc deficiency.

What are common drug interactions that lead to Vitamin D deficiency?

Phenytoin, phenobarbital, corticosteroids, cholestyramine, colestipol, efavirenz.

What measurement tool describes the typical growth pattern of US children from 1963-1994?

CDC Growth Chart.

What does the Nutrition Focused Physical Exam (NFPE) assess?

Physical findings of malnutrition such as muscle wasting, obesity, and pallor.

What does the formula for Body Surface Area (BSA) entail?

BSA = $\text{sqrt}\frac{\text{weight (kg)} \times \text{height (cm)}}{3600}$.

What is the significance of the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) in nutritional screening?\n\n

It evaluates the nutritional status based on clinical and dietary history, as well as physical examination findings.\n\n

What are some key dietary risk factors that can contribute to malnutrition?\n\n

Low intake of calories, lack of dietary variety, and excessive intake of processed foods.\n\n

Explain the term 'malnutrition' as used in nutritional screening.\n\n

Malnutrition refers to deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in a person's intake of energy and nutrients, affecting their health and development.\n\n

What role do anthropometric measurements play in nutritional screening?\n\n

They provide critical data on body composition and growth patterns vital for assessing an individual's nutritional status.\n\n

What is the significance of a low serum protein level?\n\n

It may indicate malnutrition, liver disease, kidney disease, or inflammation conditions.\n\n

What physiological changes indicate significant weight loss?\n\n

Loss of muscle mass, fat stores, and changes in metabolic rate.\n\n

Discuss the impact of socioeconomic status on nutritional outcomes.\n\n

Lower socioeconomic status is often associated with higher rates of food insecurity and malnutrition due to limited access to healthy, nutritious foods.\n\n