english - intro to rhetoric: vocab

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Description and Tags

Language

44 Terms

1

Rhetoric

the art of using language for persuasion

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2

Exigence

issue/problem/situation that prompts/motivates the writer

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3

Ethos

qualities of character, intelligence, and goodwill in an arguer that contribute to an audience’s acceptance of a claim

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4

Logos

argument based on reason

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5

Pathos

argumentative proof based on emotions

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6

Deduction

logical process wherein you reach a conclusion by starting with a general principle or universal truth (major premise) and applying it to a specific case (minor premise)

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7

Syllogism

form of deductive reasoning in which conclusion is supported by a major premise and minor premise

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8

Induction

logical process wherein you reason from particulars to universals, using specific cases in order to reach a generalization

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9

Claims of fact

based on facts or data that the audience will accept as objectively verifiable

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10

Claims of value/judgement

express of (dis)approval; attempt to prove that some things are right or wrong

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11

Support

materials used by the arguer to convince an audience that his or her claim is sound

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12

Warrant

beliefs, assumptions, and principles that underlie an argument and connect the support to the claim

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13

Backing

offers support of the validity of the warrant

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14

Rebuttal

addresses counterarguments to the author’s position

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15

Qualifier

shows, in the form of words like “probably” or “more likely”

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16

Allusion

reference to a person, place, event, or literary work for the sake of comparison a writer expects a reader to recognize

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17

Analogy

comparison between two things to show the similarities between them

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18

Aphorism

terse, pointed statement expressing some wise or clever observation about life

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19

Figurative language

language that is not to be interpreted in a literal sense (hyperbole, simile, personification, etc…)

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20

Rhetorical question

questions to which the answers are obvious or unnecessary

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21

Hypophora

a speaker raises a question and then immediately answers it

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22

Diction

writers choice or words, particularity for clarity, effectiveness, and precision

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23

“High” diction

vocabulary for a professional or college-educated audience; used between experts

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24

“Middle” diction

vocabulary suited for well-educated audiences and mass media publications yet not pitched at the level of expert to expert

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25

“Low” diction

Simple vocabulary and abbreviated self centered discourse

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26

Denotation

Literal meaning of the found; dictionary definition

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27

Connotation

Implied or associated meaning of a word, acquired and conveyed through the contexts in which we counter these words and through the emotions they may inspire

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28

Jargon

The specialized or technical language of a trade, profession, or similar group that allows experts to communicate efficiently

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29

Slang

Informal language used of a given group of locale

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30

Euphemism

An inoffensive or polite term used in place of language that readers or listeners may find unfavorable

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31

Syntax

Grammatical structure of sentences

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32

Parallelism

repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical structures to emphasize ideas, to contract ideas, and to connect ideas.

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33

Anaphora

the deliberate repetition of a word of phrase at the beginning of successive clauses

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34

Epistrophe

the repetition of the same word of phrase at the end of successive phrases

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35

Tricolon

a series of three parallel words, phrases, or clauses

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36

Climactic order

the arrangement of details or ideas in order of increasing importance or force: the principle of saving the best for last.

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37

Antithesis

the contrast of thoughts in two phrases, clauses, or sentences

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38

Antimetabole

identical or near identical repetition of words in one phrase or clause in reverse order in the next phrase or clause; ABBA structure

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39

Zeugma

construction in which a word (usually a verb) modifies or governs two or more words in a sentence

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40

Cumulative sentence

begins with standard sentence pattern and adds multiple details after it

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41

Periodic sentence

begins with multiple details and holds off a standard sentence pattern until the end

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42

Inverted sentence

has the verb come before the subject

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43

Polysyndeton

deliberate use of a series of conjunctions

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44

Asyndeton

deliberate omission of conjunctions

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