Ch 2: Chemistry of Life pt. 1

Protons

Protons

________ are charged positively, electrons negatively, and neutrons are neutral.

Proteins

________ can be bent with certain elements (Sulfur and hydrogen)

Acid

________: a compound that releases a hydrogen ion when it dissolves in water.

Solution

________: a mixture of substances that is all the same throughout.

Buffers

________ help to regulate pH in organisms.

nucleotide

A(n) ________ is made of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a molecule with nitrogen in it.

Cohesion

________: The attraction among molecules of a substance.

Adhesion

________: The attraction among molecules of different substances.

Forms

________ when atoms in a molecule have unequal pulls on shared electrons.

Ions

________ have an electrical charge, either positive or negative.

Nucleic Acids

________: Larger molecules (polymers) that are made out of smaller molecules (monomers) called nucleotides.

Lipids

________: nonpolar molecules that include fats, oils, and cholesterol.

PH

________: A scale that measures the acidity of a solution.

Polymer

________: a large molecule made of many monomers bonded together.

Atoms

________ have protons, neutrons, and electrons.

RNA

________ helps build the proteins.

Cholesterol

________ is a lipid that is needed in the human body.

Carbohydrates

________: molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Molecules

________ and ions must dissolve in water to take part in chemical processes in cells.

Electrons

________ are usually gained /lost through moving ________ between atoms.

Fatty acids

________: chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms.

cell membranes

All ________ are mostly made of phospholipid, a lipid with a polar head and a nonpolar end.

Solvent

________: the substance in a solution that dissolves another substance.

Monomer

________: a subunit in a complete molecule.

pairs of electrons

Some atoms share ________ between them to be stable.

Compounds

________ can be different from the base elements.

Water

________ is a polar molecule, with the hydrogen atoms having slight positive charges and the oxygen atom having a slight negative charge.

Carbon molecules

________ can be straight chains, branched chains, and rings.

Certain atoms

________ are more stable when they lose or gain electrons.

Element

________: A type of atom that can not regularly be broken down into a simpler substance.

Hydrogen bonds

________ give unique properties to water.

DNA stores

________ the information to build proteins.

Polar substances

________ dissolve more in water than nonpolar substances.

Amino acids

________: molecules that build proteins.

Covalent bond

________: a bond that forms when atoms share a pair of electrons.

fats

Saturated ________ have the most hydrogen atoms while unsaturated fats have the least hydrogen atoms.

Ionic Bond

________: A bond that forms through the electrical force between positively and negatively charged ions.

nonpolar molecule

A(n) ________ is a molecule that does not have charged regions.

Carbons atomic structure

________ gives it special bonding properties so it can bond with many other atoms.

Solute

________: a substance in a solution that dissolves in a solvent.

Large molecules

________ are called macromolecules.

Nucleic acids

________ store information on how to build proteins.

Lipids

________ contain three fatty acids called triglycerides.

Protons

________ and neutrons form the nucleus in the center.

Ion

________: an atom that had gained or lost one or more electrons.

Atom

________: the smallest basic unit of matter.

Compound

________: a substance made of atoms of different elements bonded together in a certain ratio.

Proteins

________: A large molecule (polymer) made out of smaller molecules (monomers) called amino acids.

Water

________ has a high specific heat, which means it takes longer to heat up.

Molecule

________: two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.

atom

the smallest basic unit of matter

Element

A type of atom that cannot regularly be broken down into a simpler substance

Compound

a substance made of atoms of different elements bonded together in a certain ratio

Ion

an atom that had gained or lost one or more electrons

Ionic Bond

A bond that forms through the electrical force between positively and negatively charged ions

Covalent bond

a bond that forms when atoms share a pair of electrons

Molecule

two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Hydrogen bond

An attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom

Cohesion

The attraction among molecules of a substance

Adhesion

The attraction among molecules of different substances

Solution

a mixture of substances that is all the same throughout

Solvent

the substance in a solution that dissolves another substance

Solute

a substance in a solution that dissolves in a solvent

Acid

a compound that releases a hydrogen ion when it dissolves in water

Bases

compounds that remove H ions from a solution

pH

A scale that measures the acidity of a solution

Monomer

a subunit in a complete molecule

Polymer

a large molecule made of many monomers bonded together

Carbohydrates

molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Lipids

nonpolar molecules that include fats, oils, and cholesterol

Fatty acids

chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms

Proteins

A large molecule (polymer) made out of smaller molecules (monomers) called amino acids

Amino acids

molecules that build proteins

Nucleic Acids

Larger molecules (polymers) that are made out of smaller molecules (monomers) called nucleotides