Plant Flashcards

Flashcards for Unit 5: Plants - Study Guide

Green Algae (Charophytes)

Plants evolved from these eukaryotic organisms.

DNA evidence & Traits

These are used to build plant phylogenetic trees.

Mosses -> Ferns -> Gymnosperms -> Angiosperms

Evolutionary order of plant groups.

Bryophytes

Plant group with no vascular tissue and a gametophyte-dominant life cycle.

Ferns

Plant group with vascular tissue, no seeds, and a sporophyte-dominant life cycle.

Gymnosperms

Plant group with seeds and cones, but no flowers.

Angiosperms

Plant group with flowers, fruits, and double fertilization.

Alternation of Generations

Alternation between haploid and diploid generations.

Gametophyte -> Sporophyte Dominance

Direction of evolutionary trend in plant life cycles.

Xylem

Vascular tissue that transports water and minerals upward in plants.

Phloem

Vascular tissue that transports sugars in both directions in plants.

Transpiration

Process of water being pulled upward in plants by evaporation from leaves.

Cohesion-Tension Model

Model explaining water movement in xylem, involving cohesion and adhesion.

Pressure-Flow Model

Model explaining sugar movement in phloem, driven by pressure gradients.

Water/minerals, upward, dead cells

Contribution of xylem cells to transport.

Sugars, both directions, living cells

Contribution of phloem cells to transport.

Cohesion-Tension Model

Process where water is pulled upward by transpiration; cohesion/adhesion involved

Pressure-Flow Model

Process where sugars are loaded into phloem; water follows -> pressure drives flow

Stomata

Leaf structure for gas exchange.

Cuticle

Leaf structure providing waterproofing.

Mesophyll

Leaf structure for photosynthesis.

Veins

Leaf structure containing xylem and phloem.

Flowering Plant

Plant structure that contains Stamen, Pistil, Ovary, Style, Ovules, Anther, Pollen, Sepals, Petals.

Water-dependent -> seed and pollen-based

Evolutionary trend in plant reproduction.

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Process in flowering plants: Pollination -> Fertilization -> Zygote -> Embryo

Double Fertilization

Type of fertilization that forms zygote and endosperm.

Alternation of Generations

Central concept within plant life cycles.

Xylem and phloem

Vascular tissues evolved to efficiently move water and nutrients.

Water dependence

Reproductive strategies evolved to reduce this dependency.