WWI and WWII

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

His assassination in June 1914 sparked World War I.

Sarajevo

Capital of Bosnia-Herzegovina, where Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated.

Gavrilo Princip

Bosnian Serb who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Nationalism

A sense of unity felt by people sharing similar history, culture, or language.

Pan-Serbianism

Movement to unite all Serbian people in one nation.

Austro-Hungarian Empire

The empire that occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina during the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Militarism

Belief that a nation’s power is determined by its military strength.

Triple Entente

Alliance of England, France, and Russia before World War I.

Triple Alliance

Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy before World War I.

Treaty of Versailles

Agreement that formally ended World War I in 1919.

Total War

A war that involves not just armies but also the civilian population.

Nuremberg Trials

Post-World War II trials of Nazi leaders for war crimes.

Kristallnacht

Night of broken glass; a violent attack on Jews in Germany in 1938.

Fascism

Political movement that emerged in Europe characterized by authoritarianism and nationalism.

Blitzkrieg

A swift, sudden military offensive, especially by combined air and ground forces.

D-Day

The Allied invasion of Normandy, France on June 6, 1944.

Holocaust

Systematic extermination of six million Jews and millions of others by Nazi Germany.

Pan-Slavism

Movement aimed at uniting all Slavic peoples.

Agreements and Treaties

Documents designed to preserve peace and resolve conflicts between nations before WWI.

Soviet Republic

The government formed in Russia following the Russian Revolution, marking the end of the Russian Empire.

The Great Depression

A severe global economic downturn that began in 1929.

Militarization of Germany

Rebuilding of Germany's military in violation of the Treaty of Versailles.

Pearl Harbor

Attack by Japan on December 7, 1941, leading to the U.S. entering WWII.

Molotov Ribbentrop Pact

Non-aggression treaty between Germany and the Soviet Union prior to WWII.

League of Nations

International organization proposed to prevent future conflicts after WWI, although it ultimately failed.

Death Marches

Forced marches of prisoners conducted by the Nazis toward Germany towards the war's end.

Einsatzgruppen

Mobile killing units responsible for mass shootings of Jews and other targeted groups during the Holocaust.

United Nations

International organization founded after WWII to promote peace and cooperation among nations.